Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Aquat Toxicol. 2012 Feb;108:23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.09.025. Epub 2011 Oct 6.
Zebrafish embryos are a model for studying effects of environmental stressors on development. Incomplete combustion of the environmentally relevant volatile petrochemical, 1,3-butadiene (BD) yields butadiene soot (BDS) nanoparticles, to which polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are adsorbed. In mammalian cells these PAHs are concentrated in lipid droplets and trigger up-regulation of biotransformation, oxidative stress and inflammatory genes. The present study was designed to determine whether: (a) PAH-rich BDS elicits alterations in zebrafish embryo development; (b) BDS-exposed zebrafish embryos sequester PAHs in select tissues; and (c) developmental abnormalities are correlated with altered gene expression patterns. 1-day old zebrafish embryos were exposed for 48 h to BDS (0, 6, 30 or 60 μg/ml) sprinkled on the water surface. PAH localization was tracked by fluorescence. Developmental responses (pericardial edema, yolk sac swelling, axial malformations) were monitored by microscopy. Gene expression changes were assessed by gene microarray and qRT-PCR. Our results show that PAHs localized with endogenous lipids in the yolk sac and in hatching gland cells. PAHs were retained at least 8 days after exposures ended. Dose-dependent pericardial and yolk sac edema and axial malformations were prominent and accompanied by up-regulation of biotransformation and oxidative stress gene cascades. Thus, zebrafish embryos should be useful for predicting the potential for developmental toxicity following exposure to PAH-rich petrochemical soots, e.g., those arising from attempts at oil spill remediation by combustion.
斑马鱼胚胎是研究环境应激因子对发育影响的模型。在环境相关的挥发性石油化工不完全燃烧中，1,3-丁二烯（BD）会产生丁二烯烟尘（BDS）纳米颗粒，多环芳烃（PAHs）会吸附在这些颗粒上。在哺乳动物细胞中，这些 PAHs 会浓缩在脂滴中，并引发生物转化、氧化应激和炎症基因的上调。本研究旨在确定：（a）富含 PAH 的 BDS 是否会引发斑马鱼胚胎发育的改变；（b）BDS 暴露的斑马鱼胚胎是否会将 PAHs 蓄积在特定组织中；（c）发育异常是否与基因表达模式的改变相关。将 1 天大的斑马鱼胚胎暴露于撒在水面上的 BDS（0、6、30 或 60μg/ml）中 48 小时。通过荧光追踪 PAH 的定位。通过显微镜监测发育反应（心包水肿、卵黄囊肿胀、轴向畸形）。通过基因微阵列和 qRT-PCR 评估基因表达变化。我们的结果表明，PAHs 与卵黄囊和孵化腺细胞中的内源性脂质一起定位。PAHs 在暴露结束后至少 8 天仍被保留。与剂量相关的心包和卵黄囊水肿和轴向畸形明显，并伴有生物转化和氧化应激基因级联的上调。因此，斑马鱼胚胎在预测暴露于富含 PAH 的石油化工烟尘（例如，因试图通过燃烧进行溢油补救而产生的烟尘）后潜在发育毒性方面应该是有用的。
