Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2017 Oct;1862(10 Pt B):1260-1272. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.006. Epub 2017 Jul 19.
Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic organelles that store neutral lipids and are critically important for energy metabolism. Their function in energy storage is firmly established and increasingly well characterized. However, emerging evidence indicates that lipid droplets also play important and diverse roles in the cellular handling of lipids and proteins that may not be directly related to energy homeostasis. Lipid handling roles of droplets include the storage of hydrophobic vitamin and signaling precursors, and the management of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Roles of lipid droplets in protein handling encompass functions in the maturation, storage, and turnover of cellular and viral polypeptides. Other potential roles of lipid droplets may be connected with their intracellular motility and, in some cases, their nuclear localization. This diversity highlights that lipid droplets are very adaptable organelles, performing different functions in different biological contexts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology edited by Rosalind Coleman and Matthijs Hesselink.
脂滴是细胞质细胞器，储存中性脂质，对能量代谢至关重要。其在能量储存方面的功能已得到明确证实，并得到了越来越深入的研究。然而，新出现的证据表明，脂滴在细胞内处理脂质和蛋白质方面也发挥着重要而多样的作用，这些作用可能与能量稳态没有直接关系。脂滴的脂质处理作用包括储存疏水性维生素和信号前体，以及管理内质网和氧化应激。脂滴在蛋白质处理中的作用包括细胞和病毒多肽的成熟、储存和周转功能。脂滴的其他潜在作用可能与其细胞内运动有关，在某些情况下还与核定位有关。这种多样性表明，脂滴是非常适应性的细胞器，在不同的生物学环境中执行不同的功能。本文是由 Rosalind Coleman 和 Matthijs Hesselink 编辑的特刊“Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology”的一部分。
