University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Clinical, Biological and Differential Psychology, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
BMC Psychiatry. 2011 Nov 8;11:175. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-11-175.
Mindfulness has been shown to be effective in treating various medical and mental problems. Especially its incorporation in cognitive-behavioural interventions has improved long-term outcomes of those treatments. It has also been shown, that brief mindfulness-based trainings are effective in reducing distress. There have been few web-based interventions incorporating mindfulness techniques in their manual and it remains unclear whether a brief web-based mindfulness intervention is feasible.
Out of 50 adults (different distress levels; exclusion criteria: <18 years, indication of psychotic or suicidal ideation in screening) who were recruited via e-mail and screened online, 49 were randomized into an immediate 2-weeks-treatment group (N=28) or a waitlist-control group (N=21), starting with a 2-week delay. Distress (BSI), perceived stress (PSQ), mindfulness (FMI), as well as mood and emotion regulation (PANAS/SEK-27) were measured at pre-, post- and 3-month follow-up (3MFU). Intention-to-treat analyses using MI for missing data and per-protocol analyses (≥50% attendance) were performed.
26 participants of the treatment group completed post-measures. Most measures under ITT-analysis revealed no significant improvement for the treatment group, but trends with medium effect sizes for PSQ (d=0.46) and PANASneg (d=0.50) and a small, non-significant effect for FMI (d=0.29). Per-protocol analyses for persons who participated over 50% of the time revealed significant treatment effects for PSQ (d=0.72) and PANASneg (d=0.77). Comparing higher distressed participants with lower distressed participants, highly distressed participants seemed to profit more of the training in terms of distress reduction (GSI, d=0.85). Real change (RCI) occurred for PSQ in the treatment condition (OR=9). Results also suggest that participants continued to benefit from the training at 3MFU.
This study of a brief web-based mindfulness training indicates that mindfulness can be taught online and may improve distress, perceived stress and negative affect for regular users. Although there were no significant improvements, but trends, for most measures under ITT, feasibility of such a program was demonstrated and also that persons continued to use techniques of the training in daily life.
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00003209.
正念已被证明可有效治疗各种医学和心理问题。特别是，它被纳入认知行为干预措施后，改善了这些治疗的长期效果。此外，简短的正念训练也被证明可以有效减轻痛苦。已经有一些基于网络的干预措施在其手册中纳入了正念技术，但目前尚不清楚简短的基于网络的正念干预是否可行。
从通过电子邮件招募并在线筛选的 50 名成年人（不同的痛苦水平；排除标准：<18 岁，筛选中存在精神病或自杀意念）中，49 名被随机分为立即接受 2 周治疗组（N=28）或等待对照组（N=21），延迟 2 周开始。在预、后和 3 个月随访（3MFU）时测量痛苦（BSI）、感知压力（PSQ）、正念（FMI）以及情绪和情绪调节（PANAS/SEK-27）。使用 MI 对缺失数据进行意向治疗分析和符合方案分析（≥50%的出勤率）。
治疗组有 26 名参与者完成了后期测量。大多数意向治疗分析的测量结果显示，治疗组没有显著改善，但 PSQ（d=0.46）和 PANASneg（d=0.50）有中等效应大小的趋势，FMI（d=0.29）有较小但无统计学意义的效果。对于参加时间超过 50%的人员进行符合方案分析，发现 PSQ（d=0.72）和 PANASneg（d=0.77）有显著的治疗效果。将高痛苦参与者与低痛苦参与者进行比较，高痛苦参与者似乎从训练中受益更多，痛苦减轻（GSI，d=0.85）。在治疗条件下，PSQ 出现真正变化（RCI）（OR=9）。结果还表明，参与者在 3MFU 时仍继续受益于训练。
本研究表明，简短的基于网络的正念训练可以在线教授，并且可能会减轻常规使用者的痛苦、感知压力和负面情绪。尽管意向治疗分析中的大多数测量结果没有显著改善，但有趋势，因此证明了这样的计划是可行的，并且参与者在日常生活中继续使用训练中的技术。
德国临床试验注册处（DRKS）：DRKS00003209。
