Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2011 Sep;12(3):167-70.
Oral health is a reflection of general health and significantly influences the quality of life. Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood which may adversely affect physical, mental and social growth of children. Oral hygiene methods can effectively prevent oral and dental diseases, and oral hygiene education plays an important role in this regard. The aim of the present study was then to assess the effect of oral hygiene education on the oral and dental health of 6-year-olds.
A hundred and sixty 6-year-old children from 4 pre-school centers were divided into two groups, case and control, in this cluster randomised controlled trail. The children in the case group received oral and dental education in one session. The parents of the case group were also instructed in one session. The children and parents of the control group did not receive any instructions. Plaque index (PI): Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman; gingival index (GI): Loe & Silness; at a) baseline, b) 1.5 and c) 6 months after the first examination. Data were analysed by repeated measure ANOVA.
PI: A significant difference was found between the baseline examination and the first follow-up (p < 0.01), and between the baseline examination and the second follow-up (p < 0.001). GI: Although values in the case group were lower, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups and within each group (p > 0.05). Regarding the number of brushing times, a statistically significant difference was found between the first and the second follow-ups of the study groups (p > 0.05). The brushing type and the application of other hygienic measures did not show any difference (p > 0.05).
Within the limitations of the present study it may be concluded that oral hygiene instruction to 6-year-old children and their parents improves their dental health.
口腔健康是整体健康的反映，对生活质量有重大影响。龋齿是儿童最常见的慢性疾病之一，可能会对儿童的身体、心理和社会成长产生不利影响。口腔卫生方法可以有效预防口腔和牙齿疾病，口腔卫生教育在这方面起着重要作用。本研究的目的是评估口腔卫生教育对 6 岁儿童口腔和牙齿健康的影响。
在这项整群随机对照试验中，将来自 4 个学前中心的 160 名 6 岁儿童分为病例组和对照组。病例组的儿童接受了一次口腔和牙齿教育。还对病例组的家长进行了一次教育。对照组的儿童和家长没有接受任何指导。菌斑指数（PI）：Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman；牙龈指数（GI）：Loe 和 Silness；a）基线，b）第一次检查后 1.5 个月，c）6 个月。使用重复测量方差分析对数据进行分析。
PI：在基线检查和第一次随访之间（p < 0.01）以及在基线检查和第二次随访之间（p < 0.001）发现有显著差异。GI：虽然病例组的数值较低，但两组之间以及每组内均未发现统计学差异（p > 0.05）。关于刷牙次数，研究组的第一次和第二次随访之间存在统计学差异（p > 0.05）。刷牙类型和应用其他卫生措施没有差异（p > 0.05）。
在本研究的限制范围内，可以得出结论，对 6 岁儿童及其家长进行口腔卫生指导可以改善他们的牙齿健康。
