Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain.
Br J Nutr. 2012 Aug;108(3):500-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511005812. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
Ageing is an important determinant of atherosclerosis development rate, mainly by the creation of a chronic low-grade inflammation. Diet, and particularly its fat content, modulates the inflammatory response in the fasting and postprandial states. Our aim was to study the effects of dietary fat on the expression of genes related to inflammation (NF-κB, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), TNF-α and IL-6) and plaque stability (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP-9) during the postprandial state of twenty healthy, elderly people who followed three diets for 3 weeks each: (1) Mediterranean diet (Med Diet) enriched in MUFA with virgin olive oil; (2) SFA-rich diet; and (3) low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet enriched in n-3 PUFA (CHO-PUFA diet) by a randomised crossover design. At the end of each period, after a 12-h fast, the subjects received a breakfast with a composition similar to the one when the dietary period ended. In the fasting state, the Med Diet consumption induced a lower gene expression of the p65 subunit of NF-κB compared with the SFA-rich diet (P = 0·019). The ingestion of the Med Diet induced a lower gene postprandial expression of p65 (P = 0·033), MCP-1 (P = 0·0229) and MMP-9 (P = 0·041) compared with the SFA-rich diet, and a lower gene postprandial expression of p65 (P = 0·027) and TNF-α (P = 0·047) compared with the CHO-PUFA diet. Direct plasma quantification mostly reproduced the findings. Our data suggest that consumption of a Med Diet reduces the postprandial inflammatory response in mononuclear cells compared with the SFA-rich and CHO-PUFA diets in elderly people. These findings may be partly responsible for the lower CVD risk found in populations with a high adherence to the Med Diet.
衰老是动脉粥样硬化发展速度的一个重要决定因素，主要是通过产生慢性低度炎症。饮食，特别是其脂肪含量，调节空腹和餐后状态下的炎症反应。我们的目的是研究饮食脂肪对 20 名健康老年人在餐后状态下与炎症（NF-κB、单核细胞趋化蛋白 1（MCP-1）、TNF-α 和 IL-6）和斑块稳定性（基质金属蛋白酶 9，MMP-9）相关的基因表达的影响，这些人遵循三种饮食方案，每种饮食方案持续 3 周：（1）富含 MUFA 的地中海饮食（Med Diet），用初榨橄榄油强化；（2）富含 SFA 的饮食；（3）富含 n-3 PUFA 的低脂高碳水化合物饮食（CHO-PUFA 饮食）。通过随机交叉设计。在每个周期结束时，禁食 12 小时后，受试者接受与结束饮食时相似的早餐。在禁食状态下，与富含 SFA 的饮食相比，Med Diet 可降低 NF-κB p65 亚基的基因表达（P=0.019）。与富含 SFA 的饮食相比，Med Diet 可诱导 p65（P=0.033）、MCP-1（P=0.0229）和 MMP-9（P=0.041）的基因餐后表达降低，与 CHO-PUFA 饮食相比，p65（P=0.027）和 TNF-α（P=0.047）的基因餐后表达降低。直接血浆定量大多重现了这些发现。我们的数据表明，与富含 SFA 和 CHO-PUFA 的饮食相比，老年人食用 Med Diet 可降低单核细胞的餐后炎症反应。这些发现可能部分解释了高 Med 饮食依从性人群患 CVD 风险较低的原因。
