Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
J Pers. 2012 Aug;80(4):847-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00748.x. Epub 2012 Jun 29.
Childhood personality is a rapidly growing area of investigation within individual differences research. One understudied topic is the universality of the hierarchical structure of childhood personality. In the present investigation, parents rated the personality characteristics of 3,751 children from 5 countries and 4 age groups. The hierarchical structure of childhood personality was examined for 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-factor models across country (Canada, China, Greece, Russia, and the United States) and age group (3-5, 6-8, 9-11, and 12-14 years of age). Many similarities were noted across both country and age. The Five-Factor Model was salient beginning in early childhood (ages 3-5). Deviations across groups and from adult findings are noted, including the prominent role of antagonism in childhood personality and the high covariation between Conscientiousness and intellect. Future directions, including the need for more explicit attempts to merge temperament and personality models, are discussed.
儿童个性是个体差异研究中一个迅速发展的领域。一个研究较少的课题是儿童个性的层级结构的普遍性。在本研究中，父母对来自 5 个国家和 4 个年龄组的 3751 名儿童的个性特征进行了评价。研究考察了 1 、 2 、 3 、 4 和 5 因素模型在国家（加拿大、中国、希腊、俄罗斯和美国）和年龄组（3-5 、 6-8 、 9-11 和 12-14 岁）上的儿童个性层级结构。在国家和年龄两个方面都发现了许多相似之处。五因素模型从幼儿期（3-5 岁）开始就很明显。群体之间以及与成人研究结果的差异被指出，包括对立在儿童个性中的突出作用以及尽责性和智力之间的高度相关性。讨论了未来的方向，包括需要更明确地尝试融合气质和个性模型。
