Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2012 Jan;102(1):63-71. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300292. Epub 2011 Nov 28.
Confronted by compelling peer-reviewed scientific evidence of the harms of smoking, the tobacco industry, beginning in the 1950s, used sophisticated public relations approaches to undermine and distort the emerging science. The industry campaign worked to create a scientific controversy through a program that depended on the creation of industry-academic conflicts of interest. This strategy of producing scientific uncertainty undercut public health efforts and regulatory interventions designed to reduce the harms of smoking. A number of industries have subsequently followed this approach to disrupting normative science. Claims of scientific uncertainty and lack of proof also lead to the assertion of individual responsibility for industrially produced health risks.
面对吸烟危害的有力同行评审科学证据，烟草业从 20 世纪 50 年代开始，采用复杂的公共关系手段来破坏和歪曲新兴科学。该行业的运动通过一个依赖于制造行业-学术利益冲突的计划，努力制造科学争议。这种制造科学不确定性的策略破坏了旨在减少吸烟危害的公共卫生努力和监管干预。随后，许多行业都采用了这种扰乱规范科学的方法。对科学不确定性和缺乏证据的主张也导致了对工业生产的健康风险应由个人负责的断言。
