Le Gall Jean Roger, Azoulay Elie, Embriaco Nathalie, Poncet Marie Cécile, Pochard Frédéric
Réanimation médicale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris.
Bull Acad Natl Med. 2011 Feb;195(2):389-97; discussion 397-8.
Burnout syndrome (BOS) is a psychological state resulting from prolonged exposure to job stressors. Because intensive care units (ICUs) are characterized by a high level of work-related stress, we reviewed the available literature on BOS among ICU-healthcare workers. Recent studies suggest that severe BOS (measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory) is present in about half of all critical care physicians and one-third of critical care nurses. Interestingly, the determinants of BOS difer between the two groups of caregivers. Intensivists with severe BOS tend to be those with a large number of working hours (number of night shifts, and time since last vacation), whereas severe BOS among ICU nurses is mainly related to ICU organization and end-of-life care policy. ICU conflicts were independent predictors of severe BOS in both groups. Recent studies also identify potential preventive measures, such as ICU working groups, better communication during end-of-life care, and prevention and management of ICU conflicts.
职业倦怠综合征（BOS）是一种因长期暴露于工作压力源而产生的心理状态。由于重症监护病房（ICU）具有高度的工作相关压力特征，我们回顾了关于ICU医护人员中BOS的现有文献。最近的研究表明，约一半的重症监护医生和三分之一的重症监护护士存在严重的职业倦怠（用马氏职业倦怠量表测量）。有趣的是，两组护理人员中职业倦怠的决定因素有所不同。患有严重职业倦怠的重症监护医生往往是工作时间长（夜班次数、自上次休假以来的时间）的人，而ICU护士中的严重职业倦怠主要与ICU组织和临终关怀政策有关。ICU冲突是两组中严重职业倦怠的独立预测因素。最近的研究还确定了潜在的预防措施，如ICU工作组、临终关怀期间更好的沟通以及ICU冲突的预防和管理。
