Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, 11800 Tech Road, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2011 Dec;41(6):573-80. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.006.
Respiratory illnesses can cause substantial morbidity during military deployments. Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are hypothesized causes.
To determine pathogen-specific seroprevalence prior to and after deployment in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF).
A retrospective cohort study of 1000 service members deployed between June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2007, was conducted from 2008 through 2009. Pre- and post-deployment sera were tested for the presence of antibody to each pathogen.
Pre-deployment IgG seropositivity was high for adenovirus, RSV, and parainfluenza (98.7%, 97.8%, and 81.6%, respectively), whereas seropositivity for B. pertussis, M. pneumoniae, and C. pneumoniae was 14.2%, 21.9%, and 65.1%, respectively. As defined by seroconversion in 1000 subjects, the following were identified: 43 new parainfluenza infections (24% of susceptibles); 37 new pertussis infections (4% of susceptibles); 33 new C. pneumoniae infections (10% of susceptibles); and 29 new M. pneumoniae infections (4% of susceptibles). B. pertussis seroconversion was two to four times higher than reports for the general U.S. population. Overall, 14.2% of the service members seroconverted to at least one of these six pathogens; this increased to 30.1% seroconversion when influenza was included. However, serologic testing was not clearly associated with clinical illness in this report.
Serologic evidence for respiratory infections was common among the 2004-2007 OEF-deployed military, sometimes at a higher rate than the general U.S. population. Awareness of this risk and implementation of preventive measures should be emphasized by leadership prior to and during deployment.
在军事部署期间，呼吸道疾病可能会导致大量发病。百日咳博德特氏菌、肺炎衣原体、肺炎支原体、腺病毒、副流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）被认为是病因。
确定在支持持久自由行动（OEF）期间部署前后针对特定病原体的血清流行率。
对 2008 年至 2009 年期间进行的一项回顾性队列研究进行了分析，该研究纳入了 1000 名于 2004 年 6 月 30 日至 2007 年 6 月 30 日期间部署的军人。检测了预部署和部署后血清中针对每种病原体的抗体存在情况。
腺病毒、RSV 和副流感病毒的预部署 IgG 血清阳性率较高（分别为 98.7%、97.8%和 81.6%），而百日咳博德特氏菌、肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体的血清阳性率分别为 14.2%、21.9%和 65.1%。在 1000 名受试者中，根据血清转化率定义，以下情况得到了确定：43 例新的副流感感染（易感者的 24%）；37 例新的百日咳感染（易感者的 4%）；33 例新的肺炎衣原体感染（易感者的 10%）；29 例新的肺炎支原体感染（易感者的 4%）。百日咳博德特氏菌的血清转化率是美国普通人群报告的两倍至四倍。总的来说，14.2%的军人至少对这六种病原体中的一种发生了血清转化；当流感包括在内时，这一比例增加到 30.1%。然而，在本报告中，血清学检测与临床疾病之间并没有明确的关联。
2004-2007 年 OEF 部署军人的呼吸道感染血清学证据很常见，有时比美国普通人群的发生率更高。在部署前和部署期间，领导层应重视这一风险，并强调采取预防措施。
