Collins Natalie D, Adhikari Anima, Yang Yu, Kuschner Robert A, Karasavvas Nicos, Binn Leonard N, Walls Shannon D, Graf Paul C F, Myers Christopher A, Jarman Richard G, Hang Jun
Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92186, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Jul 23;8(3):411. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030411.
Human adenoviruses (AdV) are mostly associated with minimal pathology. However, more severe respiratory tract infections and acute respiratory diseases, most often caused by AdV-4 and AdV-7, have been reported. The only licensed vaccine in the United States, live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine, is indicated for use in the military, nearly exclusively in recruit populations. The excellent safety profile and prominent antibody response of the vaccine is well established by placebo-controlled clinical trials, while, long-term immunity of vaccination has not been studied. Serum samples collected over 6 years from subjects co-administered live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine in 2011 were evaluated to determine the duration of the antibody response. Group geometric mean titers (GMT) at 6 years post vaccination compared to previous years evaluated were not significantly different for either AdV-4 or AdV-7 vaccine components. There were no subjects that demonstrated waning neutralization antibody (NAb) titers against AdV-4 and less than 5% of subjects against AdV-7. Interestingly, there were subjects that had a four-fold increase in NAb titers against either AdV-4 or AdV-7, at various time points post vaccination, suggesting either homotypic or heterotypic re-exposure. This investigation provided strong evidence that the live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine induced long-term immunity to protect from AdV-4 and AdV-7 infections.
人类腺病毒（AdV）大多与轻微病变相关。然而，已有报告称出现了更严重的呼吸道感染和急性呼吸道疾病，这些疾病大多由AdV - 4和AdV - 7引起。美国唯一获得许可的疫苗，即口服活AdV - 4和AdV - 7疫苗，仅适用于军队，几乎完全用于新兵群体。安慰剂对照临床试验充分证实了该疫苗出色的安全性和显著的抗体反应，不过，疫苗的长期免疫效果尚未得到研究。对2011年同时接种口服活AdV - 4和AdV - 7疫苗的受试者在6年多时间里采集的血清样本进行评估，以确定抗体反应的持续时间。与之前评估的年份相比，接种疫苗6年后AdV - 4或AdV - 7疫苗成分的组几何平均滴度（GMT）没有显著差异。没有受试者的抗AdV - 4中和抗体（NAb）滴度出现下降，抗AdV - 7的受试者中不到5%出现这种情况。有趣的是，在接种疫苗后的不同时间点，有受试者的抗AdV - 4或抗AdV - 7的NAb滴度出现了四倍增长，这表明可能发生了同型或异型再次暴露。这项研究提供了有力证据，证明口服活AdV - 4和AdV - 7疫苗可诱导长期免疫，预防AdV - 4和AdV - 7感染。
