dr Joanna Śmigielska-Kuzia, Klinika Neurologii i Rehabilitacji Dziecięcej UMB, Białystok.
Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2011 Jul-Aug;45(4):363-9. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3843(14)60107-9.
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation with deficits in language and memory. Mental retardation of varying degrees is the most consistent feature of DS. The objective of this study was to use high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to investigate the volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, and temporal and frontal lobes in children with DS compared with healthy children.
MRI of 49 patients was reviewed prospectively. The study included 23 children with DS (9 girls and 14 boys, mean age 6.7 ± 3.7 years) and 26 healthy children (11 girls and 15 boys, mean age 8.3 ± 2.4 years). Volumes of the right and left hippocampus, the right and left amygdala, temporal and frontal lobes and the total brain volume were measured by a radiologist who was unaware of the diagnosis.
Total brain volume in children with DS was significantly lower compared with controls. It was associated with significantly lower volume of the frontal and temporal lobes. Children with DS had a significantly smaller right and left hippocampus volume and a significantly smaller right and left amygdala volume than did the control group. We also found a negative correlation between mental retardation and volume of the right hippocampus.
The presence of these abnormalities from an early age contributes to the specific cognitive and developmental deficits seen in children with DS.
唐氏综合征（DS）是最常见的遗传性智力障碍，伴有语言和记忆缺陷。不同程度的智力障碍是 DS 的最常见特征。本研究的目的是使用高分辨率磁共振成像（MRI）技术，比较儿童 DS 患者与健康儿童的海马体、杏仁核以及颞叶和额叶的体积。
前瞻性回顾 49 例患者的 MRI。该研究包括 23 名 DS 患儿（9 名女孩和 14 名男孩，平均年龄 6.7 ± 3.7 岁）和 26 名健康儿童（11 名女孩和 15 名男孩，平均年龄 8.3 ± 2.4 岁）。由一名对诊断结果不知情的放射科医生测量右侧和左侧海马体、右侧和左侧杏仁核、颞叶和额叶以及总脑体积的体积。
DS 患儿的总脑体积明显小于对照组。与总脑体积降低相关的是额叶和颞叶体积明显降低。DS 患儿的右侧和左侧海马体体积以及右侧和左侧杏仁核体积明显小于对照组。我们还发现智力障碍与右侧海马体体积呈负相关。
这些异常的存在从早期开始，导致了 DS 患儿出现特定的认知和发育缺陷。
