Sonnenberg A
Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295.
Gut. 1990 Sep;31(9):1037-40. doi: 10.1136/gut.31.9.1037.
Previous reports have shown that both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis affect people in white collar occupations associated with higher income and higher social class more frequently than other groups in the population. This study sought to carry these analyses one step further and investigate the distribution of inflammatory bowel disease by individual occupations. The German social security statistics for 'rehabilitation' were used to assess the occupational distribution of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. From 1982 to 1988, a total of 12,014 people were granted rehabilitation as a result of inflammatory bowel disease. Low male prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease was found among bricklayers, road construction workers, unskilled workers in brick and stone, unskilled labourers, and security personnel. Low rates were found among women employed in cleaning and maintenance, and in those without occupation. In contrast, a high male prevalence was found among instrument makers, electricians, bakers, and technical assistants. Among female employees, inflammatory bowel disease was significantly associated with sales representatives, office workers, health occupations, and hairdressers. These associations were found in the complete data for 1982-8 as well as in the separate data for the two half periods 1982-5 and 1986-8. Highly significant correlations between the occupational distribution of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were found among both male and female employees. It seems that occupations involving work in the open air and physical exercise are protective, while being exposed to air conditioned artificial working conditions or extended and irregular shift working confer a risk of contracting inflammatory bowel disease.
先前的报告显示，与其他人群相比，克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎在与高收入和高社会阶层相关的白领职业人群中更为常见。本研究试图进一步深入这些分析，并按具体职业调查炎症性肠病的分布情况。利用德国“康复”社会保障统计数据来评估克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的职业分布。1982年至1988年期间，共有12014人因炎症性肠病获得康复。在砖匠、道路建设工人、砖石非技术工人、非技术劳工和安保人员中，男性炎症性肠病患病率较低。在从事清洁和维护工作的女性以及无业女性中，患病率也较低。相比之下，在仪器制造工人、电工、面包师和技术助理中，男性患病率较高。在女性雇员中，炎症性肠病与销售代表、办公室职员、卫生职业从业者及美发师显著相关。这些关联在1982 - 1988年的完整数据以及1982 - 1985年和1986 - 1988年这两个半时期的单独数据中均有发现。在男性和女性雇员中，均发现克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的职业分布之间存在高度显著的相关性。似乎从事户外工作和体育锻炼的职业具有保护作用，而暴露于空调环境下的人工工作条件或长时间及不规律的轮班工作会增加患炎症性肠病的风险。
