Superiority of laparoscopic rectal surgery: Towards a new era.

While laparoscopic colon surgery has been established to some degree over this decade, laparoscopic rectal surgery is not standard yet because of the difficulty of making a clear surgical field, the lack of precise anatomy of the pelvis, immature procedures of rectal transaction and so on. On the other hand, maintaining a clear surgical field via the magnified laparoscopy may allow easier mobilization of the rectum as far as the levetor muscle level and may result less blood loss and less invasiveness. However, some unique techniques to keep a clear surgical field and knowledge about anatomy of the pelvis are required to achieve the above superior operative outcomes. This review article discusses how to keep a clear operative field, removing normally existing abdominal structures, and how to transact the rectum and restore the discontinuity based on anatomical investigations. According to this review, laparoscopic rectal surgery will become a powerful modality to accomplish a more precise procedure which has been technically impossible so far, actually entering a new era.