Department of Ecology, Soil Conservation Group, Berlin Institute of Technology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Nov;184(11):6469-81. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2433-8. Epub 2011 Nov 26.
Highways and main roads are a potential source of contamination for the surrounding environment. High traffic rates result in elevated heavy metal concentrations in road runoff, soil and water seepage, which has attracted much attention in the recent past. Nonetheless, investigations of pollutants in roadside soils are still a subject of major interest due to the rapid development of traffic systems and increasing traffic all over the world. The accumulation of the heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in soils along the oldest federal highway of the world has been studied by sampling a roadside transect of 125 by 10 m. In addition, heavy metal concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr in soil solutions from different distances (2.5, 5 and 10 m) from the hard shoulder of the highway and from three soil depths (10, 30, and 50 cm) were investigated. The results show that heavy metal concentrations are up to 20 times increased compared to the geochemical background levels and a reference site of 800-m distance from the roadside. Soil matrix concentrations in the topsoil (0-10 cm) mostly exceeded the precautionary values of the German Federal Soil Protection and Contamination Ordinance (BBodSchV). The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in the soil matrix tended to decrease with distance from the roadside edge, whereas the concentrations in the soil solution increased at a distance of 10 m onwards due to a lower soil pH. Because of both high pH values and a high sorption capacity of the soils, soil solution concentrations seldom exceeded the trigger values of the German Federal Soil Protection and Contamination Ordinance (BBodSchV) for transferring soil solution to groundwater.
公路和主要道路是周围环境潜在的污染源。高交通量导致道路径流、土壤和地下水渗滤中重金属浓度升高，这在最近引起了广泛关注。尽管如此，由于交通系统的快速发展和全球交通量的增加，路边土壤中污染物的调查仍然是一个主要关注点。通过对世界上最古老的联邦公路路边的 125×10 m 横断面进行采样，研究了重金属 Pb、Cd、Cu 和 Zn 在路边土壤中的积累情况。此外，还研究了距高速公路硬路肩不同距离（2.5、5 和 10 m）和三个土壤深度（10、30 和 50 cm）的土壤溶液中 Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni 和 Cr 的重金属浓度。结果表明，与地球化学背景水平和距离路边 800 m 的参考点相比，重金属浓度增加了 20 倍。表层土（0-10 cm）中的土壤基质浓度大多超过了德国联邦土壤保护和污染条例（BBodSchV）的警戒值。Cd、Pb 和 Zn 在土壤基质中的浓度随着距路边边缘的距离的增加而降低，而土壤溶液中的浓度在 10 m 以外的距离则由于土壤 pH 值较低而增加。由于土壤的 pH 值较高和较高的吸附能力，土壤溶液中的浓度很少超过德国联邦土壤保护和污染条例（BBodSchV）将土壤溶液转移到地下水中的触发值。
