Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2012 Dec;32(4):289-326. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2011.630647. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
Salt-tolerant plants grow in a wide variety of saline habitats, from coastal regions, salt marshes and mudflats to inland deserts, salt flats and steppes. Halophytes living in these extreme environments have to deal with frequent changes in salinity level. This can be done by developing adaptive responses including the synthesis of several bioactive molecules. Consequently, several salt marsh plants have traditionally been used for medical, nutritional, and even artisanal purposes. Currently, an increasing interest is granted to these species because of their high content in bioactive compounds (primary and secondary metabolites) such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins, sterols, essential oils (terpenes), polysaccharides, glycosides, and phenolic compounds. These bioactive substances display potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral activities, and therefore represent key-compounds in preventing various diseases (e.g. cancer, chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorder) and ageing processes. The ongoing research will lead to the utilisation of halophytes as a new source of healthy products as functional foods, nutraceuticals or active principles in several industries. This contribution focuses on the ethnopharmacological uses of halophytes in traditional medicine and reviews recent investigations on their biological activities and nutraceuticals. The work is distributed according to the different families of nutraceuticals (lipids, vitamins, proteins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, etc.) discussing the analytical techniques employed for their determination. Information about the claimed health promoting effects of the different families of nutraceuticals is also provided together with data on their application.
耐盐植物生长在各种盐生环境中，从沿海地区、盐沼和泥滩到内陆沙漠、盐滩和草原。生活在这些极端环境中的盐生植物必须应对频繁变化的盐度水平。这可以通过开发适应性反应来实现，包括合成几种生物活性分子。因此，几种盐沼植物传统上被用于医疗、营养，甚至手工艺目的。目前，由于其生物活性化合物（初级和次级代谢物）含量高，如多不饱和脂肪酸、类胡萝卜素、维生素、甾醇、精油（萜烯）、多糖、糖苷和酚类化合物，这些物种越来越受到关注。这些生物活性物质具有很强的抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎和抗肿瘤活性，因此是预防各种疾病（如癌症、慢性炎症、动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病）和衰老过程的关键化合物。正在进行的研究将导致将盐生植物用作功能性食品、营养保健品或在几个行业中的活性成分的健康产品的新来源。本贡献重点介绍了盐生植物在传统医学中的民族药理学用途，并综述了其生物活性和营养保健品的最新研究。这项工作根据营养保健品的不同家族（脂质、维生素、蛋白质、糖苷、酚类化合物等）进行了分类，讨论了用于其测定的分析技术。还提供了关于不同家族营养保健品的声称的促进健康的作用的信息，以及关于它们的应用的数据。
