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葡萄酒酵母 VIN7 的基因组序列揭示了一个具有酿酒酵母和克鲁维酵母起源的异源三倍体杂种基因组。

The genome sequence of the wine yeast VIN7 reveals an allotriploid hybrid genome with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii origins.

机构信息

The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

出版信息

FEMS Yeast Res. 2012 Feb;12(1):88-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00773.x. Epub 2011 Dec 23.

Abstract

The vast majority of wine fermentations are performed principally by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, there are a growing number of instances in which other species of Saccharomyces play a predominant role. Interestingly, the presence of these other yeast species generally occurs via the formation of interspecific hybrids that contain genomic contributions from both S. cerevisiae and non-S. cerevisiae species. However, despite the large number of wine strains that are characterized at the genomic level, there remains limited information regarding the detailed genomic structure of hybrids used in winemaking. To address this, we describe the genome sequence of the thiol-releasing commercial wine yeast hybrid VIN7. VIN7 is shown to be an almost complete allotriploid interspecific hybrid that is comprised of a heterozygous diploid complement of S. cerevisiae chromosomes and a haploid Saccharomyces kudriavzevii genomic contribution. Both parental strains appear to be of European origin, with the S. cerevisiae parent being closely related to, but distinct from, the commercial wine yeasts QA23 and EC1118. In addition, several instances of chromosomal rearrangement between S. cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii sequences were observed that may mark the early stages of hybrid genome consolidation.

摘要

绝大多数葡萄酒发酵主要由酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)完成。然而,越来越多的情况下,其他酵母物种起着主要作用。有趣的是,这些其他酵母物种的存在通常是通过形成含有酿酒酵母和非酿酒酵母物种基因组贡献的种间杂种来实现的。然而,尽管有大量的葡萄酒菌株在基因组水平上进行了特征描述,但对于用于酿酒的杂种的详细基因组结构仍然知之甚少。为了解决这个问题,我们描述了释放硫醇的商业葡萄酒酵母杂种 VIN7 的基因组序列。结果表明,VIN7 是一个几乎完整的异源三倍体种间杂种,由酿酒酵母染色体的杂合二倍体成分和单倍体克鲁维酵母基因组贡献组成。两个亲本菌株似乎都来自欧洲,酿酒酵母亲本与商业葡萄酒酵母 QA23 和 EC1118 密切相关,但又有所不同。此外,还观察到酿酒酵母和克鲁维酵母序列之间的染色体重排实例,这可能标志着杂种基因组整合的早期阶段。

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