Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2012 Jul;81(1):26-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01272.x. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
The bioconversion of coal to methane in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, was investigated. Production waters were analyzed via enrichment studies, metabolite-profiling, and culture-independent methods. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated the presence of methanogens potentially capable of acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic, and methylotrophic metabolisms, predominantly belonging to the Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales. Incubations of produced water and coal readily produced methane, but there was no correlation between the thermal maturity and methanogenesis. Coal methanogenesis was greater when samples with a greater richness of Firmicutes were utilized. A greater archaeal diversity was observed in the presence of several aromatic and short-chain fatty acid metabolites. Incubations amended with lactate, hydrogen, formate, and short-chain alcohols produced methane above un-amended controls. Methanogenesis from acetate was not observed. Metabolite profiling showed the widespread occurrence of putative aromatic ring intermediates including benzoate, toluic acids, phthalic acids, and cresols. The detection of saturated and unsaturated alkylsuccinic acids indicated n-alkane and cyclic alkane/alkene metabolism. Microarray analysis complemented observations based on hybridization to functional genes related to the anaerobic metabolism of aromatic and aliphatic substrates. These data suggest that coal methanogenesis is unlikely to be limited by methanogen biomass, but rather the activation and degradation of coal constituents.
对新墨西哥州圣胡安盆地的煤向甲烷的生物转化进行了研究。通过富集研究、代谢物分析和非培养方法对生产水进行了分析。16S rRNA 基因序列分析表明，存在潜在能够进行乙酰营养型、氢营养型和甲基营养型代谢的产甲烷菌，主要属于甲烷杆菌目和甲烷微菌目。生产水和煤的孵育很容易产生甲烷，但热成熟度与甲烷生成之间没有相关性。当利用具有更高厚壁菌门丰富度的样品时，煤的甲烷生成更多。在存在几种芳香族和短链脂肪酸代谢物的情况下，观察到更高的古菌多样性。用乳酸盐、氢气、甲酸盐和短链醇孵育比未添加对照物产生更多的甲烷。未观察到从乙酸盐生成甲烷。代谢物分析表明广泛存在芳环中间体，包括苯甲酸、甲苯酸、邻苯二甲酸和甲酚。饱和和不饱和烷基琥珀酸的检测表明存在 n-烷烃和环状烷烃/烯烃代谢。微阵列分析补充了基于与与芳香族和脂肪族底物的厌氧代谢相关的功能基因杂交的观察结果。这些数据表明，煤的甲烷生成不太可能受到产甲烷菌生物量的限制，而是受到煤成分的激活和降解的限制。
