Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Curr Opin Oncol. 2012 Jan;24(1):90-102. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e32834e0531.
Dietary guidelines are important tools for educating the general public and helping health professionals promote good health and prevent chronic diet-related diseases. However, it is of major public health relevance that the effect of the guidelines per se is evaluated to make sure that they serve their purpose. The aim of this article is to review the current research on dietary guidelines and their effect on cancer risk and mortality.
Since the last 30-40 years, most industrialized countries have had dietary guidelines. The guidelines are based on thorough reviews of the current scientific evidence regarding dietary intake and health. Potential health benefits associated with good adherence to the guidelines have been evaluated in observational studies during the last 15 years, with an increase in the number of studies during the most recent years.
Available data on the potential association between dietary guidelines and cancer are limited and inconclusive. A meta-analysis of studies on overall cancer risk shows no protective effect for good adherence to the dietary guidelines as compared with poor adherence. However, good adherence was associated with a 21% reduced risk of colorectal cancer, and 22% reduced cancer-specific mortality.
饮食指南是教育公众和帮助卫生专业人员促进健康和预防与饮食相关的慢性疾病的重要工具。然而，评估指南本身的效果对于确保其达到目的具有重要的公共卫生意义。本文旨在综述有关饮食指南及其对癌症风险和死亡率影响的最新研究。
过去 30 至 40 年来，大多数工业化国家都制定了饮食指南。这些指南是基于对饮食摄入与健康相关的现有科学证据的全面审查。在过去 15 年中，对良好遵循指南与潜在健康益处的相关性进行了观察性研究，近年来研究数量有所增加。
关于饮食指南与癌症之间潜在关联的现有数据有限且尚无定论。对总体癌症风险研究的荟萃分析显示，与不良遵循相比，良好遵循饮食指南并没有保护作用。然而，良好遵循与结直肠癌风险降低 21%和癌症特异性死亡率降低 22%相关。
