Bouvier M, Pittet D, Loutan L, Starobinski M
Département de médecine, Hôpital cantonal universitaire, Genève.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1990 Aug 25;120(34):1217-22.
Five cases of airport malaria were observed in Geneva in the summer of 1989. All the patients lived within 2 km of Geneva-Cointrin International Airport. They were hospitalized between July 14 and August 2 for high fever. None had received a recent blood transfusion, an i.v. injection or traveled to a tropical country, except for one, a former pilot, whose last brief visit had been a year earlier. High minimum temperatures between July 6 and 10 in all likelihood allowed the survival of infected anopheles introduced by an aircraft. P. falciparum was identified in the blood smears of all the patients. Four had one or more symptoms of serious malaria and received intravenous treatment. In the fifth patient, treatment with cotrimoxazole for suspected acute pyelonephritis made diagnosis particularly difficult because the malaria infection was partially controlled by the antibiotic therapy. The time necessary for diagnosis of malaria varied from 5 to 31 days in the 5 cases. Airport malaria has been observed over the past twenty years in Europe, particularly in the summer, and is often serious because of late diagnosis and the type of plasmodium most frequently involved, P. falciparum. This diagnosis should be considered in patients with high fever of unknown origin, even when they have not travelled to an endemic zone.
1989年夏天，日内瓦发现了5例机场疟疾病例。所有患者居住在距离日内瓦-万森纳国际机场2公里范围内。他们于7月14日至8月2日因高烧住院。除了一名前飞行员，他最后一次短暂访问是在一年前，其他人近期均未接受过输血、静脉注射或前往热带国家。7月6日至10日期间较高的最低气温极有可能使飞机带入的受感染按蚊存活下来。所有患者的血涂片均检测出恶性疟原虫。其中4人有一项或多项严重疟疾症状并接受了静脉治疗。在第5例患者中，因怀疑急性肾盂肾炎而用复方新诺明治疗，这使得疟疾感染因抗生素治疗而得到部分控制，诊断尤为困难。5例病例中疟疾诊断所需时间从5天到31天不等。在过去二十年中，欧洲曾发现机场疟疾，尤其在夏季，且往往因诊断延迟以及最常涉及的疟原虫种类——恶性疟原虫而病情严重。对于不明原因高烧的患者，即使他们未曾前往疟疾流行区，也应考虑这一诊断。
