Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, 50 Township Line Road,Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2012 Nov;141(4):601-9. doi: 10.1037/a0026451. Epub 2011 Dec 26.
Knowledge about word and object meanings can be organized taxonomically (fruits, mammals, etc.) on the basis of shared features or thematically (eating breakfast, taking a dog for a walk, etc.) on the basis of participation in events or scenarios. An eye-tracking study showed that both kinds of knowledge are activated during comprehension of a single spoken word, even when the listener is not required to perform any active task. The results further revealed that an individual's relative activation of taxonomic relations compared to thematic relations predicts that individual's tendency to favor taxonomic over thematic relations when asked to choose between them in a similarity judgment task. These results indicate that individuals differ in the relative strengths of their taxonomic and thematic semantic knowledge and suggest that meaning information is organized in 2 parallel, complementary semantic systems.
关于单词和物体意思的知识，可以根据共享的特征进行分类组织（水果、哺乳动物等），也可以根据参与的事件或场景进行主题组织（吃早餐、遛狗等）。一项眼动研究表明，在理解单个口语单词时，这两种知识都会被激活，即使听众不需要执行任何主动任务。研究结果进一步表明，个体在分类关系上的相对激活程度与主题关系上的相对激活程度相比，可以预测个体在被要求在相似性判断任务中在两者之间进行选择时，倾向于分类关系而非主题关系的程度。这些结果表明，个体在分类和主题语义知识的相对强度上存在差异，并表明意义信息在两个平行的、互补的语义系统中组织。
