Department of Dermatology, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu Medical School, Unesp, Campus Universitário de Rubião, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Feb;27(2):151-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04430.x. Epub 2012 Jan 3.
BACKGROUND; Melasma is a common acquired chronic hypermelanosis of sun-exposed areas which significantly impacts quality of life. There are few epidemiological studies in medical literature concerning these patients.
Characterize clinical and epidemiological data on Brazilian female patients with melasma.
A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to melasma patients treated at a dermatology clinic between 2005 and 2010. Association between variables was performed by multivariate regression models.
We assessed 302 patients; intermediate skin phototypes III (34.4%) and IV (38.4%) were prevalent. Mean disease onset age was 27.5 ± 7.8 years and familiar occurrence of melasma was identified in 56.3%. The most commonly reported trigger factors were pregnancy (36.4%), contraceptive pills (16.2%) and intense sun exposure (27.2%). Preferred facial topographies were zygomatic (83.8%), labial superior (51.3%) and frontal (49.7%). Pregnancy induced melasma has been associated to early disease (OR = 0.86) and number of pregnancies (OR = 1.39). Childbearing was correlated to melasma extension. Older disease onset age was associated to darker skin phototypes. Co-occurrence of facial topographies supported clinical classification as centrofacial and peripheral melasma.
This population was characterized by: a high prevalence in adult females, intermediate skin phototypes, disease precipitation by hormonal stimulus and familiar genetic influence.
背景；黄褐斑是一种常见的获得性慢性日光暴露部位的过度色素沉着，显著影响生活质量。医学文献中很少有关于这些患者的流行病学研究。
描述巴西女性黄褐斑患者的临床和流行病学数据。
对 2005 年至 2010 年期间在皮肤科诊所接受治疗的黄褐斑患者进行了半结构化问卷调查。通过多变量回归模型对变量之间的关系进行了分析。
我们评估了 302 名患者；中间皮肤光型 III（34.4%）和 IV（38.4%）较为常见。平均发病年龄为 27.5±7.8 岁，56.3%的患者有家族性黄褐斑。最常见的诱发因素是妊娠（36.4%）、避孕药（16.2%）和强烈阳光照射（27.2%）。首选的面部分布是颧骨（83.8%）、上唇（51.3%）和额部（49.7%）。妊娠引起的黄褐斑与疾病早期（OR=0.86）和妊娠次数（OR=1.39）有关。生育与黄褐斑的扩展有关。发病年龄越大，皮肤光型越暗。面部分布的共存支持了中心性和周围性黄褐斑的临床分类。
该人群的特点是：成年女性发病率高，中间皮肤光型，激素刺激和家族遗传影响易发病。
