Hexsel Doris, Lacerda Davi A, Cavalcante Andrea S, Machado Filho Carlos A S, Kalil Célia Luiza P V, Ayres Eloísa L, Azulay-Abulafia Luna, Weber Magda B, Serra Marcio S, Lopes Nádya F P, Cestari Tania F
Cosmetic Dermatology at the Department of Dermatology, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS; Brazilian Center for Studies in Dermatology, Porto Alegre, RS.
Int J Dermatol. 2014 Apr;53(4):440-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05748.x. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
Melasma is an acquired, irregularly patterned, light to dark-brown hypermelanosis, with symmetric distribution mostly over the face. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and factors related to melasma in Brazilian patients.
This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study performed in Brazil. Investigators examined and questioned 953 patients over 18 years of age on clinical characteristics and other factors related to their melasma.
Melasma was more prevalent in women (97.5%) and in Fitzpatrick skin phototypes II (12.8%), III (36.3%), and IV (39.7%). Skin phototypes II and III and family history of melasma had early onset of the disorder when compared with skin phototypes IV, V, and VI (P<0.0001). Similar results were also observed when these same groups were compared with the absence of family history (P<0.0001). Extra-facial melasma was more frequent in postmenopausal women compared with those who were not experiencing menopause (14.2% vs. 3.5%, P<0.0001).
Data suggested that the age of melasma onset are related to skin phototypes and family history. Additionally, extra-facial melasma was more common in menopausal women. This is the first study on the epidemiology of melasma in Brazil involving a large sample of the population. These data can be a source of new relevant research on the cause and development of melasma.
黄褐斑是一种后天性、图案不规则、浅至深褐色的色素沉着过度，主要对称分布于面部。本研究的目的是评估巴西患者黄褐斑的临床特征及相关因素。
这是一项在巴西开展的横断面多中心研究。研究人员对953名18岁以上患者的黄褐斑临床特征及其他相关因素进行了检查和询问。
黄褐斑在女性中更为普遍（97.5%），在Fitzpatrick皮肤光类型II（12.8%）、III（36.3%）和IV（39.7%）中更为常见。与皮肤光类型IV、V和VI相比，皮肤光类型II和III以及有黄褐斑家族史的患者该病发病较早（P<0.0001）。将这些相同组与无家族史的组进行比较时也观察到了类似结果（P<0.0001）。与未绝经女性相比，绝经后女性面部以外部位的黄褐斑更为常见（14.2%对3.5%，P<0.0001）。
数据表明，黄褐斑的发病年龄与皮肤光类型和家族史有关。此外，面部以外部位的黄褐斑在绝经后女性中更为常见。这是巴西第一项涉及大量人群样本的黄褐斑流行病学研究。这些数据可为黄褐斑病因及发展的新相关研究提供来源。
