Department of Scienze Mediche di Base, University of Bari, Italy.
Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(2):200-8. doi: 10.2174/138161212799040574.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To date, although a bulk of evidences suggest that the etiology of PD is multifactorial, none of the mechanisms yet proposed have been considered conclusive. Activated glia seem to play a critical role in the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD, by secreting a complex array of cytokines, chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and complement proteins that may have deleterious effects on the dopaminergic system. Recently, it has been reported that microglia activation and immunity are key factors contributing to disease progression. Here, we review studies on the role of inflammation mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD and highlight some of the important areas for future investigation.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是黑质致密部多巴胺神经元的退化。迄今为止，尽管大量证据表明 PD 的病因是多因素的，但尚未提出任何被认为是结论性的机制。激活的神经胶质似乎通过分泌一系列复杂的细胞因子、趋化因子、蛋白水解酶、活性氧/氮物种和补体蛋白，在 PD 中黑质多巴胺能神经元的退化中发挥关键作用，这些物质可能对多巴胺能系统产生有害影响。最近，据报道，小胶质细胞的激活和免疫是导致疾病进展的关键因素。在这里，我们综述了固有和适应性免疫系统介导的炎症在 PD 发病机制中的作用的研究，并强调了一些未来研究的重要领域。
