Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, PO Box 176, Belconnen, Canberra, ACT, 2616, Australia.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012 Sep;112(9):3275-85. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-2291-7. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
We compared changes in performance and total haemoglobin mass (tHb) of elite swimmers in the weeks following either Classic or Live High:Train Low (LHTL) altitude training. Twenty-six elite swimmers (15 male, 11 female, 21.4 ± 2.7 years; mean ± SD) were divided into two groups for 3 weeks of either Classic or LHTL altitude training. Swimming performances over 100 or 200 m were assessed before altitude, then 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after returning to sea-level. Total haemoglobin mass was measured twice before altitude, then 1 and 14 days after return to sea-level. Changes in swimming performance in the first week after Classic and LHTL were compared against those of Race Control (n = 11), a group of elite swimmers who did not complete altitude training. In addition, a season-long comparison of swimming performance between altitude and non-altitude groups was undertaken to compare the progression of performances over the course of a competitive season. Regardless of altitude training modality, swimming performances were substantially slower 1 day (Classic 1.4 ± 1.3% and LHTL 1.6 ± 1.6%; mean ± 90% confidence limits) and 7 days (0.9 ± 1.0% and 1.9 ± 1.1%) after altitude compared to Race Control. In both groups, performances 14 and 28 days after altitude were not different from pre-altitude. The season-long comparison indicated that no clear advantage was obtained by swimmers who completed altitude training. Both Classic and LHTL elicited ~4% increases in tHb. Although altitude training induced erythropoeisis, this physiological adaptation did not transfer directly into improved competitive performance in elite swimmers.
我们比较了经典高住低训（Classic Hypoxic:Live Low Training，Classic-HLT）和高住高训低练（Live High:Train Low，LHTL）两种不同 altitude training 方案结束后， elite 游泳运动员在接下来几周内的表现和总血红蛋白质量（total haemoglobin mass，tHb）的变化。26 名 elite 游泳运动员（男 15 人，女 11 人，年龄 21.4 ± 2.7 岁；均值 ± 标准差）被分为两组，分别进行 3 周的 Classic-HLT 或 LHTL altitude training。在 altitude 之前、返回海平面后 1、7、14 和 28 天，评估 100 米和 200 米的游泳成绩。在 altitude 之前测量两次 tHb，然后在返回海平面后 1 和 14 天测量。将 Classic-HLT 和 LHTL 结束后第一周的游泳成绩变化与未进行 altitude training 的 Race Control 组（n = 11）进行比较。此外，还对 altitude 和 non-altitude 组整个赛季的游泳成绩进行了比较，以比较一个竞技赛季中成绩的进展情况。无论 altitude training 模式如何，与 Race Control 相比， altitude 后 1 天（Classic 1.4 ± 1.3%和 LHTL 1.6 ± 1.6%；均值 ± 90%置信区间）和 7 天（0.9 ± 1.0%和 1.9 ± 1.1%）游泳成绩明显较慢。两组在 altitude 后 14 天和 28 天的成绩与 altitude 前无差异。整个赛季的比较表明，完成 altitude training 的运动员并没有明显的优势。Classic 和 LHTL 均引起 tHb 增加约 4%。虽然 altitude training 诱导了红细胞生成，但这种生理适应并没有直接转化为 elite 游泳运动员竞技成绩的提高。
