Ruivo Jorge A, Alcântara Paula
Serviço de Medicina 1, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal.
Rev Port Cardiol. 2012 Feb;31(2):151-8. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2011.12.012. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
Levels of physical activity in modern urbanized society are clearly insufficient to maintain good health, and to prevent cardiovascular and other disease. Aerobic exercise is almost completely free of secondary effects, and is a useful adjunctive therapy in treating hypertension. There are several possible mechanisms to account for the beneficial effects of exercise in reducing blood pressure, the resulting physiological effects usually being classified as acute, post-exercise or chronic. Variations in genetic background, hypertension etiology, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics may explain the different blood pressure responses to exercise among hypertensive patients. The present review discusses the different pathophysiological aspects of the response to exercise in hypertensives, including its modulators and diagnostic and prognostic usefulness, as well as the latest guidelines on prescribing and monitoring exercise regimes and drug therapy in the clinical follow-up of active hypertensive patients.
现代城市化社会中的身体活动水平明显不足以维持良好健康状态以及预防心血管疾病和其他疾病。有氧运动几乎完全没有副作用，并且是治疗高血压的一种有用辅助疗法。运动降低血压的有益作用有多种可能机制，其产生的生理效应通常分为急性、运动后或慢性效应。遗传背景、高血压病因、药效学和药代动力学的差异可能解释高血压患者对运动的不同血压反应。本综述讨论了高血压患者运动反应的不同病理生理方面，包括其调节因素、诊断和预后价值，以及在活跃高血压患者临床随访中规定和监测运动方案及药物治疗的最新指南。
