Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Amino Acids. 2022 Oct;54(10):1339-1356. doi: 10.1007/s00726-022-03161-5. Epub 2022 Apr 22.
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is metabolized by gut commensals, yielding in compounds that affect innate immune cell functions directly, but also acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), thus regulating the maintenance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), promoting T helper 17 (T17) cell differentiation, and interleukin-22 production. In addition, microbiota-derived Trp metabolites have direct effects on the vascular endothelium, thus influencing the development of vascular inflammatory phenotypes. Indoxyl sulfate was demonstrated to promote vascular inflammation, whereas indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-aldehyde had protective roles. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for a contributory role of microbiota-derived indole-derivatives in blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Interestingly, there are indications for a role of the kynurenine pathway in atherosclerotic lesion development. Here, we provide an overview on the emerging role of gut commensals in the modulation of Trp metabolism and its influence in cardiovascular disease development.
必需氨基酸色氨酸（Trp）被肠道共生菌代谢，产生直接影响固有免疫细胞功能的化合物，但也作用于芳烃受体（AHR），从而调节第 3 组固有淋巴细胞（ILC）的维持，促进辅助性 T 细胞 17（T17）细胞分化和白细胞介素-22 的产生。此外，微生物群衍生的 Trp 代谢物对血管内皮具有直接作用，从而影响血管炎症表型的发展。吲哚硫酸已被证明可促进血管炎症，而吲哚-3-丙酸和吲哚-3-醛则具有保护作用。此外，越来越多的证据表明，微生物群衍生的吲哚衍生物在血压调节和高血压中起作用。有趣的是，色氨酸途径在动脉粥样硬化病变发展中起作用的迹象。在这里，我们概述了肠道共生菌在调节 Trp 代谢及其对心血管疾病发展影响方面的新作用。
