Brancalion Ana Paula S, Oliveira Rejane B, Sousa João Paulo B, Groppo Milton, Berretta Andresa A, Barros Marcio E, Boim Mirian A, Bastos Jairo K
Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Urol Res. 2012 Oct;40(5):475-81. doi: 10.1007/s00240-011-0453-z. Epub 2012 Jan 12.
Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. commonly known as "copaíba", produce a commercially valuable oil-resin that is extensively used in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiseptic purposes. We have found the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant leaf has the potential to treat urolithiasis, a problem affecting ~7% of the population. To isolate the functional compounds C. langsdorffii leaves were dried, ground, and macerated in a hydroalcoholic solution 7:3 to produce a 16.8% crude extract after solvent elimination. Urolithiasis was induced by introduction of a calcium oxalate pellet (CaOx) into the bladders of adult male Wistar rats. The treated groups received the crude extract by oral gavage at 20 mg/kg body weight daily for 18 days. Extract treatment started 30 days after CaOx seed implantation. To monitor renal function sodium, potassium and creatinine concentrations were analyzed in urine and plasma, and were found to be in the normal range. Analyses of pH, magnesium, phosphate, calcium, uric acid, oxalate and citrate levels were evaluated to determine whether the C. langsdorffii extract may function as a stone formation prevention agent. The HPLC analysis of the extract identified flavonoids quercitrin and afzelin as the major components. Animals treated with C. langsdorffii have increased levels of magnesium and decreased levels of uric acid in urinary excretions. Treated animals have a significant decrease in the mean number of calculi and a reduction in calculi mass. Calculi taken from extract treated animals were more brittle and fragile than calculi from untreated animals. Moreover, breaking calculi from untreated animals required twice the amount of pressure as calculi from treated animals (6.90 ± 3.45 vs. 3.00 ± 1.51). The extract is rich in flavonoid heterosides and other phenolic compounds. Therefore, we hypothesize this class of compounds might contribute significantly to the observed activity.
朗氏南美油楠（Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.），通常被称为“苦配巴”，能产出具有商业价值的油树脂，该油树脂在民间医学中被广泛用于抗炎、抗菌和防腐目的。我们发现这种植物叶子的水醇提取物有治疗尿石症的潜力，尿石症是一个影响约7%人口的问题。为了分离出功能性化合物，将朗氏南美油楠的叶子干燥、研磨，并在7:3的水醇溶液中浸渍，去除溶剂后得到16.8%的粗提取物。通过将草酸钙颗粒（CaOx）植入成年雄性Wistar大鼠的膀胱来诱导尿石症。治疗组每天以20 mg/kg体重的剂量通过口服灌胃给予粗提取物，持续18天。提取物治疗在CaOx植入30天后开始。为监测肾功能，对尿液和血浆中的钠、钾和肌酐浓度进行了分析，发现其处于正常范围内。对pH值、镁、磷酸盐、钙、尿酸、草酸盐和柠檬酸盐水平进行分析，以确定朗氏南美油楠提取物是否可作为结石形成预防剂发挥作用。提取物的高效液相色谱分析确定黄酮类化合物槲皮苷和阿夫泽林为主要成分。用朗氏南美油楠治疗的动物尿排泄物中的镁含量增加，尿酸含量降低。治疗的动物结石平均数量显著减少，结石质量减轻。从提取物治疗的动物身上取出的结石比未治疗动物的结石更脆更易碎。此外，破碎未治疗动物的结石所需压力是治疗动物结石的两倍（6.90±3.45对3.·00±1.51）。该提取物富含黄酮类杂糖苷和其他酚类化合物。因此，我们推测这类化合物可能对观察到的活性有显著贡献。
