Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway/Suite 206, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2012 Jun;15(2):144-62. doi: 10.1007/s10567-011-0109-0.
It is now widely accepted that anxiety disorders run in families, and current etiological models have proposed both genetic and environmental pathways to anxiety development. In this paper, the familial role in the development, treatment, and prevention of anxiety disorders in children is reviewed. We focus on three anxiety disorders in youth, namely, generalized, separation, and social anxiety as they often co-occur both at the symptom and disorder level and respond to similar treatments. We begin by presenting an overview of a broad range of family factors associated with anxiety disorders. Findings from these studies have informed intervention and prevention strategies that are discussed next. Throughout the paper we shed light on the challenges that plague this research and look toward the future by proposing directions for much needed study and discussing factors that may improve clinical practice and outcomes for affected youth and their families.
现在人们普遍认为，焦虑障碍存在家族性，目前的病因学模型提出了焦虑发展的遗传和环境途径。本文综述了家庭在儿童焦虑障碍的发展、治疗和预防中的作用。我们重点关注三种青少年焦虑症，即广泛性焦虑症、分离性焦虑症和社交焦虑症，因为它们在症状和疾病层面经常同时发生，并对类似的治疗方法有反应。首先，我们介绍了与焦虑症相关的一系列广泛的家庭因素。这些研究结果为干预和预防策略提供了信息，接下来将对这些策略进行讨论。在整篇文章中，我们揭示了困扰这一研究的挑战，并通过提出急需研究的方向以及讨论可能改善受影响的青少年及其家庭的临床实践和结果的因素，展望未来。
