Fragopoulou Adamantia F, Samara Athina, Antonelou Marianna H, Xanthopoulou Anta, Papadopoulou Aggeliki, Vougas Konstantinos, Koutsogiannopoulou Eugenia, Anastasiadou Ema, Stravopodis Dimitrios J, Tsangaris George Th, Margaritis Lukas H
Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Athens University, Athens, Greece.
Electromagn Biol Med. 2012 Dec;31(4):250-74. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2011.631068. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two sources of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the proteome of cerebellum, hippocampus, and frontal lobe in Balb/c mice following long-term whole body irradiation. Three equally divided groups of animals (6 animals/group) were used; the first group was exposed to a typical mobile phone, at a SAR level range of 0.17-0.37 W/kg for 3 h daily for 8 months, the second group was exposed to a wireless DECT base (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications/Telephone) at a SAR level range of 0.012-0.028 W/kg for 8 h/day also for 8 months and the third group comprised the sham-exposed animals. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed that long-term irradiation from both EMF sources altered significantly (p < 0.05) the expression of 143 proteins in total (as low as 0.003 fold downregulation up to 114 fold overexpression). Several neural function related proteins (i.e., Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Alpha-synuclein, Glia Maturation Factor beta (GMF), and apolipoprotein E (apoE)), heat shock proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins (i.e., Neurofilaments and tropomodulin) are included in this list as well as proteins of the brain metabolism (i.e., Aspartate aminotransferase, Glutamate dehydrogenase) to nearly all brain regions studied. Western blot analysis on selected proteins confirmed the proteomics data. The observed protein expression changes may be related to brain plasticity alterations, indicative of oxidative stress in the nervous system or involved in apoptosis and might potentially explain human health hazards reported so far, such as headaches, sleep disturbance, fatigue, memory deficits, and brain tumor long-term induction under similar exposure conditions.
本研究的目的是调查两种电磁场（EMF）源对长期全身照射后的Balb/c小鼠小脑、海马体和额叶蛋白质组的影响。使用三组动物，每组6只，平均分为三组；第一组每天暴露于典型的移动电话下，比吸收率（SAR）水平范围为0.17 - 0.37 W/kg，持续3小时，共8个月；第二组每天暴露于无线数字增强无绳通信/电话（DECT）基站下，SAR水平范围为0.012 - 0.028 W/kg，每天8小时，同样持续8个月；第三组为假暴露动物组。比较蛋白质组学分析显示，来自两种EMF源的长期照射均显著改变（p < 0.05）了总共143种蛋白质的表达（下调低至0.003倍，上调高达114倍）。该列表中包括几种与神经功能相关的蛋白质（即胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、α-突触核蛋白、胶质细胞成熟因子β（GMF）和载脂蛋白E（apoE））、热休克蛋白和细胞骨架蛋白（即神经丝和原肌球蛋白），以及几乎所有研究脑区的脑代谢蛋白（即天冬氨酸转氨酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶）。对选定蛋白质的蛋白质印迹分析证实了蛋白质组学数据。观察到的蛋白质表达变化可能与脑可塑性改变有关，表明神经系统存在氧化应激或参与细胞凋亡，并且可能潜在地解释了迄今为止报道的人类健康危害，如头痛、睡眠障碍、疲劳、记忆缺陷以及在类似暴露条件下长期诱发脑肿瘤。
