Helen Keller International, PO Box 369, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Jan 22;12:16. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-16.
The first-ever round of school-based mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel together with mebendazole targeting school-aged children in endemic districts was conducted in 2009 by the National Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Program. To evaluate the impact of the treatment regimen, a cross-sectional sentinel site survey was conducted 6 months post-MDA.
Fifteen sentinel schools from six highly endemic districts (according to data from national and pre-MDA surveys) with Schistosoma mansoni affecting over 50% of the population, and moderate to high prevalence of hookworms (> 20%). Approximately 30 children aged 9-14 years were selected from each school and stool samples (one per student) were examined by the Kato-Katz method.
The overall prevalence (and intensity) in these sentinel sites pre-MDA of S. mansoni was 69.0% (170.8 epg), hookworm: 41.7% (71.7 epg), Ascaris lumbricoides: 1.8% and Trichuris trichiura: 3.8%. Six months post MDA, the findings were S. mansoni: 38.2% (47.3 epg) and hookworm: 14.5% (8.7 epg), representing a reduction from pre-MDA levels of 44.6% (65.2%) and 72.3% (87.9%) respectively. The proportion of children who were moderately or heavily infected with S. mansoni fell from 35.6% pre MDA to 9.9% post MDA.
Significant reduction in S. mansoni and hookworm infection was achieved by this first round MDA in school-going children in Sierra Leone. This reduction in infection burden can potentially contribute to a reduction of morbidity, such as anaemia, in these children.
2009 年，国家控制寄生虫病项目首次针对流行地区的学龄儿童开展了大规模的学校驱虫活动（MDA），用吡喹酮和甲苯咪唑进行驱虫。为了评估治疗方案的影响，在 MDA 后 6 个月进行了横断面哨点监测。
从六个高度流行区（根据国家和 MDA 前调查的数据）选择了 15 所哨点学校，这些地区的曼氏血吸虫感染率超过 50%，钩虫感染率处于中高水平（> 20%）。从每所学校中抽取约 30 名 9-14 岁的儿童，采集粪便样本（每名学生一个样本），用 Kato-Katz 法进行检查。
在 MDA 前，这些哨点地区的曼氏血吸虫总感染率（和强度）为 69.0%（170.8 条/epg），钩虫为 41.7%（71.7 条/epg），蛔虫为 1.8%，鞭虫为 3.8%。MDA 后 6 个月，结果为曼氏血吸虫为 38.2%（47.3 条/epg），钩虫为 14.5%（8.7 条/epg），与 MDA 前相比，分别减少了 44.6%（65.2%）和 72.3%（87.9%）。中度或重度感染曼氏血吸虫的儿童比例从 MDA 前的 35.6%下降到 MDA 后的 9.9%。
在塞拉利昂，这一轮针对学龄儿童的 MDA 显著降低了曼氏血吸虫和钩虫的感染率。这种感染负担的减少可能有助于减少这些儿童的发病率，如贫血。
