Seo Yong Chang, Choi Woon Yong, Lee Choon Geun, Cha Seon Woo, Kim Young Ock, Kim Jin-Chul, Drummen Gregor P C, Lee Hyeon Yong
Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(12):9031-56. doi: 10.3390/ijms12129031. Epub 2011 Dec 7.
The aim of this work was to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract-loaded gelatin nanoparticles. The mean size of the produced nanoparticles was 143 ± 18 nm with a bandwidth of 76 nm in the size distribution and a maximum size of ~200 nm, which allows effective nanoparticle uptake by cells. Confocal imaging confirmed this, since the nanoparticles were internalized within 30 min and heterogeneously distributed throughout the cell. Zeta-potential measurements showed that from pH = 5 onwards, the nanoparticles were highly negatively charged, which prevents agglomeration to clusters by electrostatic repulsion. This was confirmed by TEM imaging, which showed a well dispersed colloidal solution. The encapsulation efficiency was nearly 60%, which is higher than for other components encapsulated in gelatin nanoparticles. Measurements of immune modulation in immune cells showed a significant effect by the crude extract, which was only topped by the nanoparticles containing the extract. Proliferation of B-, T- and NK cells was notably enhanced by Rubus coreanus-gelatin nanoparticles and in general ~2-3 times higher than control and on average ~2 times higher than ferulic acid. R. coreanus-gelatin nanoparticles induced cytokine secretion (IL-6 and TNF-α) from B- and T-cells on average at a ~2-3 times higher rate compared with the extract and ferulic acid. In vivo immunomodulatory activity in mice fed with R. coreanus-gelatin nanoparticles at 1 mL/g body weight showed a ~5 times higher antibody production compared to control, a ~1.3 times higher production compared to the extract only, and a ~1.6 times higher production compared to ferulic acid. Overall, our results suggest that gelatin nanoparticles represent an excellent transport vehicle for Rubus coreanus extract and extracts from other plants generally used in traditional Asian medicine. Such nanoparticles ensure a high local concentration that results in enhancement of immune cell activities, including proliferation, cytokine secretion, and antibody production.
本研究旨在探讨负载朝鲜悬钩子提取物的明胶纳米粒的免疫调节活性。所制备纳米粒的平均粒径为143±18 nm，粒径分布带宽为76 nm，最大粒径约为200 nm，这使得细胞能够有效摄取纳米粒。共聚焦成像证实了这一点，因为纳米粒在30分钟内被内化，并在细胞内呈异质性分布。ζ电位测量表明，从pH = 5开始，纳米粒带高度负电荷，这通过静电排斥防止了纳米粒聚集成团簇。透射电镜成像证实了这一点，其显示出良好分散的胶体溶液。包封率接近60%，高于明胶纳米粒中包封的其他成分。免疫细胞免疫调节测量结果显示，粗提物具有显著作用，仅被含提取物的纳米粒超过。朝鲜悬钩子 - 明胶纳米粒显著增强了B细胞、T细胞和NK细胞的增殖，总体上比对照高约2 - 3倍，平均比阿魏酸高约2倍。朝鲜悬钩子 - 明胶纳米粒诱导B细胞和T细胞分泌细胞因子（IL - 6和TNF - α）的平均速率比提取物和阿魏酸高约2 - 3倍。给小鼠喂食1 mL/g体重的朝鲜悬钩子 - 明胶纳米粒后的体内免疫调节活性显示，抗体产生量比对照高约5倍，比仅用提取物高约1.3倍，比阿魏酸高约1.6倍。总体而言，我们的结果表明，明胶纳米粒是朝鲜悬钩子提取物以及其他常用于传统亚洲医学的植物提取物的优良运输载体。此类纳米粒可确保高局部浓度，从而增强免疫细胞活性，包括增殖、细胞因子分泌和抗体产生。
Zotero 插件
