Spuch Carlos, Saida Ortolano, Navarro Carmen
Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Vigo, Hospital of Meixoeiro, Meixoeiro s/n, 36215 Vigo, Spain.
Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2012 Apr 1;6(1):2-18. doi: 10.2174/187221112799219125.
Nanoparticles could potentially revolutionise treatment for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and strokes. Nanotechnologies hold great promise in brain therapy as they protect the therapeutic agent and allow its sustained release; the nanoparticles can be used as gene delivery vehicles. The application of neurotrophic factors is able to modulate neuronal survival and synaptic connectivity and it is a promising therapeutic approach for many neurodegenerative diseases, however, due to limitations posed by the restrictive blood brain barrier (BBB), it is very difficult to ensure long-term administration in the brain. Drug delivery to the brain remains the major challenge for the treatment of all neurodegenerative diseases because of the numerous protective barriers surrounding the central nervous system (CNS). New therapeutics with the capacity to cross the BBB is critically needed for treatment of these diseases. In recent years, nanotechnology had patented new formulations and has evolved as a new treatment for brain diseases, especially for neurodegenerative diseases, where genetically engineered cells can be used to deliver specific growth factors to target cells. Overall, the aim of this review is to summarize the last patents, clinical trials and news related with nanoparticles technology for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
纳米颗粒有可能彻底改变对阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）和中风等神经退行性疾病的治疗。纳米技术在脑治疗方面具有巨大潜力，因为它们能保护治疗剂并使其持续释放；纳米颗粒可作为基因递送载体。神经营养因子的应用能够调节神经元存活和突触连接，对许多神经退行性疾病来说是一种很有前景的治疗方法，然而，由于血脑屏障（BBB）的限制，很难确保在脑内长期给药。由于中枢神经系统（CNS）周围存在众多保护屏障，向脑内递送药物仍然是所有神经退行性疾病治疗的主要挑战。治疗这些疾病迫切需要有能力穿越血脑屏障的新疗法。近年来，纳米技术已获得新配方的专利，并已发展成为一种治疗脑部疾病的新方法，特别是对于神经退行性疾病，在这种疾病中，基因工程细胞可用于将特定生长因子递送至靶细胞。总体而言，本综述的目的是总结与纳米颗粒技术治疗神经退行性疾病相关的最新专利、临床试验和新闻。
