University of Cape Town, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Behav Brain Sci. 2012 Feb;35(1):37-8. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X11000896.
Guala notes that low-cost punishment is the main mechanism that deters free-riding in small human communities. This mechanism is complemented by unusual human vulnerability to gossip. Defenders of an evolutionary discontinuity supporting human sociality might seize on this as an alternative to enjoyment of moralistic aggression as a special adaptation. However, the more basic adaptation of language likely suffices.
瓜拉指出，低成本的惩罚是阻止小型人类社区中搭便车行为的主要机制。这种机制还辅有人类易受八卦影响的特点。支持人类社会性的进化不连续性的捍卫者可能会将这一点作为对道德攻击性的享受的特殊适应的替代方案。然而，语言的更基本适应可能就足够了。
