Curr Probl Cardiol. 2012 Mar;37(3):75-118. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2011.10.002.
The pericardium provides an enclosed lubricated space for the beating heart and functions to fix the heart in the chest cavity relative to adjacent organs. Pericardial pathophysiology is often manifested in a spectrum of distinct cardiac and systemic disease states. The pericardial response to injury typically involves a spectrum of inflammation with both acute and chronic features and/or fluid accumulation. Recent advances in imaging methods have refined the diagnosis and therapy of pericardial disease. This article presents the anatomy and physiology of pericardial disease and the clinical approach for diagnosis and treatment.
心包为跳动的心脏提供了一个封闭的润滑空间，并使心脏相对于相邻器官固定在胸腔内。心包的病理生理学表现通常为一系列不同的心脏和全身疾病状态。心包对损伤的反应通常涉及到炎症的范围，既有急性和慢性的特征，也有液体积聚。影像学方法的最新进展已经改进了心包疾病的诊断和治疗。本文介绍了心包疾病的解剖和生理学，以及诊断和治疗的临床方法。
