Tochihara Yutaka, Lee Joo-Young, Wakabayashi Hitoshi, Wijayanto Titis, Bakri Ilham, Parsons Ken
Environmental Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Human Science, Kyushu University, 4-9-1, Shiobaru Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
Int J Biometeorol. 2012 Nov;56(6):1055-64. doi: 10.1007/s00484-011-0519-1. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
The purpose of this study was to explore whether there is evidence of heat acclimatization in the words used to express thermal sensation. A total of 458 urban Japanese and 601 Indonesians participated in a questionnaire. In addition, in a preliminary survey, 39 native English speakers in the UK participated. Our results showed that (1) for Indonesians, the closest thermal descriptor of a feeling of thermal comfort was 'cool' (75%) followed by 'slightly cool' (7%), 'slightly cold' (5%) and 'cold' (5%), while Japanese responses were distributed uniformly among descriptors 'cool', 'slightly cool', 'neither', 'slightly warm', and 'warm'; (2) the closest thermal descriptors of a feeling of discomfort for Indonesians were less affected by individual thermal susceptibility (vulnerability) than those for Japanese; (3) in the cases where 'cool' and 'slightly cold' were imagined in the mind, the descriptors were cognized as a thermal comfortable feeling by 97% and 57% of Indonesians, respectively; (4) the most frequently voted choice endorsing hot weather was 'higher than 32°C' for Indonesians and 'higher than 29°C' for Japanese respondents; for cold weather, 'lower than 15°C' for Japanese and 'lower than 20°C' for Indonesians. In summary, the descriptor 'cool' in Indonesians connotes a thermally comfortable feeling, but the inter-zone between hot and cold weather that was judged in the mind showed a upward shift when compared to that of Japanese. It is suggested that linguistic heat acclimatization exists on a cognitive level for Indonesians and is preserved in the words of thermal descriptors.
本研究的目的是探讨在用于表达热感觉的词汇中是否存在热适应的证据。共有458名日本城市居民和601名印度尼西亚人参与了问卷调查。此外，在一项初步调查中，39名英国以英语为母语的人参与其中。我们的结果表明：（1）对于印度尼西亚人来说，热舒适感最接近的热描述词是“凉爽”（75%），其次是“稍凉”（7%）、“稍冷”（5%）和“冷”（5%），而日本受访者的回答在“凉爽”、“稍凉”、“不冷不热”、“稍暖”和“暖”这些描述词中分布较为均匀；（2）与日本人相比，印度尼西亚人不适感觉最接近的热描述词受个体热易感性（脆弱性）的影响较小；（3）在脑海中想象“凉爽”和“稍冷”的情况下，分别有97%和57%的印度尼西亚人将这些描述词认知为热舒适的感觉；（4）对于炎热天气，印度尼西亚受访者最常选择的温度是“高于32°C”，日本受访者是“高于29°C”；对于寒冷天气，日本受访者是“低于15°C”，印度尼西亚人是“低于20°C”。总之，印度尼西亚人使用的描述词“凉爽”意味着热舒适的感觉，但与日本人相比，脑海中判断的炎热和寒冷天气之间的区间呈现出上移。这表明印度尼西亚人在认知层面存在语言热适应现象，并保留在热描述词中。
