University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106-9660, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2012 Aug;16(3):283-300. doi: 10.1177/1088868311434214. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
The author argues that the self is a multifaceted entity that does not easily submit to clear and precise description. The aspect of self studied by most investigators is actually a subset of the cognitive and neural underpinnings of "self" and not the "self" of first-person subjectivity. The author then looks at the dominant theoretical treatment of human long-term memory-the systems approach-and examines how the construct of "self" is situated in this framework. Finally, he reviews the best-known paradigm for exploring the role of self in memory-the self-reference effect (SRE) manipulation. He argues that there is not one SRE but rather a family of related SREs that are influenced by a variety of variables and contexts. Accordingly, researchers must exercise caution when attempting to draw conclusions about the self from the results of SRE memory performance.
作者认为自我是一个多方面的实体，不容易被清晰准确地描述。大多数研究者研究的自我方面实际上是“自我”的认知和神经基础的一个子集，而不是第一人称主观性的“自我”。然后，作者考察了人类长期记忆的主导理论处理方法——系统方法，并研究了“自我”的建构如何在这个框架中定位。最后，他回顾了探索自我在记忆中的作用的最著名的范例——自我参照效应（SRE）操作。他认为，不是只有一个 SRE，而是有一系列相关的 SRE，它们受到各种变量和情境的影响。因此，研究人员在尝试从 SRE 记忆表现的结果中得出关于自我的结论时必须谨慎。
