Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Uniklinik der RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 31;19(10):e0312858. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312858. eCollection 2024.
While great methodological strides have been made in the area of decision making research, decisions that rely on subjective stimuli, such as personality traits, still pose a challenge for researchers, partly because it is difficult to define a standard of accuracy for such choices-they lack a "ground truth". In studies on value-based decisions, this same problem has been circumvented by comparing uncertain subjective decisions against a separately assessed judgment of value-a "standard". Here we apply this method in a task of verbal personality trait judgment, and show how a separately assessed standard judgment can be used to precisely control stimulus presentation and analyze subjective personality choices via the method of reverse correlation. Per trial, a series of quasi-randomly sampled adjectives was shown, which participants categorized as more descriptive of either themselves of another person well known to them. Participants also indicated their confidence in the response. Each trial's difficulty was controlled based on the previously assessed standard judgment. Analysis of the behavioral data shows several decision-general properties during these personality judgments, such as symmetrical choices, steeper choice functions for confident trials, and a positive evidence bias during confidence judgment. We discuss how these findings can shed light on the cognitive processes involved in personality perception. The task and results together may help bridge the gap between research on complex, social forms of judgment and findings on more basic decision processes.
尽管在决策研究领域已经取得了重大的方法学进展,但依赖主观刺激(如人格特质)的决策仍然对研究人员构成挑战,部分原因是很难为这些选择定义一个准确的标准——它们缺乏“事实依据”。在基于价值的决策研究中,通过将不确定的主观决策与单独评估的价值判断(“标准”)进行比较,同样的问题得到了解决。在这里,我们在言语人格特质判断任务中应用了这种方法,并展示了如何通过反向相关的方法,使用单独评估的标准判断来精确控制刺激呈现并分析主观人格选择。在每次试验中,都会显示一系列准随机抽样的形容词,参与者将其归类为更能描述自己或他们非常熟悉的另一个人的形容词。参与者还表明了对回答的信心。根据之前评估的标准判断,控制每次试验的难度。对行为数据的分析显示,在这些人格判断中存在几种决策普遍性特征,例如对称选择、对有信心的试验的选择函数更陡峭、以及在信心判断中存在正证据偏差。我们讨论了这些发现如何为人格感知所涉及的认知过程提供启示。这项任务和结果可能有助于弥合复杂的、社会形式的判断研究与更基本的决策过程发现之间的差距。