Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
Expert Rev Proteomics. 2012;9(1):85-96. doi: 10.1586/epr.11.80.
The proteome of human saliva can be considered as being essentially completed. Diagnostic markers for a number of diseases have been identified among salivary proteins and peptides, taking advantage of saliva as an easy-to-obtain biological fluid. Yet, the majority of disease markers identified so far are serum components and not intrinsic proteins produced by the salivary glands. Furthermore, despite the fact that saliva is essential for protecting the oral integuments and dentition, little progress has been made in finding risk predictors in the salivary proteome for dental caries or periodontal disease. Since salivary proteins, and in particular the attached glycans, play an important role in interactions with the microbial world, the salivary glycoproteome and other post-translational modifications of salivary proteins need to be studied. Risk markers for microbial diseases, including dental caries, are likely to be discovered among the highly glycosylated major protein species in saliva. This review will attempt to raise new ideas and also point to under-researched areas that may hold promise for future applicability in oral diagnostics and prediction of oral disease.
人类唾液的蛋白质组可以被认为已经基本完成。利用唾液作为一种易于获取的生物流体，已经在唾液蛋白和肽中鉴定出了许多疾病的诊断标志物。然而，迄今为止鉴定出的大多数疾病标志物都是血清成分，而不是唾液腺产生的内在蛋白质。此外，尽管唾液对于保护口腔黏膜和牙齿至关重要，但在寻找口腔蛋白质组中与龋齿或牙周病相关的风险预测因子方面几乎没有取得进展。由于唾液蛋白，特别是附着的聚糖，在与微生物世界的相互作用中发挥着重要作用，因此需要研究唾液糖蛋白组和唾液蛋白的其他翻译后修饰。包括龋齿在内的微生物疾病的风险标志物很可能在唾液中的高度糖基化主要蛋白质物种中被发现。这篇综述将试图提出新的想法，并指出研究不足的领域，这些领域可能为未来在口腔诊断和预测口腔疾病方面的应用提供前景。
