School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK.
Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Microbiology (Reading). 2012 Mar;158(Pt 3):759-770. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.055939-0. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
Treponema denticola is found ubiquitously in the human oral cavity and is mainly associated with bacterial communities implicated in the establishment and development of periodontal disease. The ability to become integrated within biofilm communities is crucial to the growth and survival of oral bacteria, and involves inter-bacterial coaggregation, metabolic cooperation, and synergy against host defences. In this article we show that the chymotrypsin-like proteinase (CTLP), found within a high-molecular-mass complex on the cell surface, mediates adherence of T. denticola to other potential periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Parvimonas micra. Proteolytic activity per se did not appear to be required for the interactions, and expression of the major outer-sheath protein (Msp) was not necessary, except for binding Parv. micra. Biofilms of densely packed cells and matrix, up to 40 µm in depth, were formed between T. denticola and P. gingivalis on salivary pellicle, with T. denticola cells enriched in the upper layers. Expression of CTLP, but not Msp, was critical for dual-species biofilm formation with P. gingivalis. T. denticola did not form dual-species biofilms with any of the other three periodontal bacterial species under various conditions. Synergy between T. denticola and P. gingivalis was also shown by increased inhibition of blood clotting, which was CTLP-dependent. The results demonstrate the critical role of CTLP in interactions of T. denticola with other oral micro-organisms, leading to synergy in microbial community development and host tissue pathogenesis.
齿密螺旋体广泛存在于人类口腔中，主要与牙周病发病和发展相关的细菌群落有关。能够整合到生物膜群落中是口腔细菌生长和存活的关键，涉及细菌间的共聚、代谢合作以及协同抵抗宿主防御。在本文中，我们发现细胞表面高相对分子质量复合物中的糜蛋白酶样蛋白酶（CTLP）介导了齿密螺旋体与其他潜在牙周病原菌——牙龈卟啉单胞菌、核梭杆菌、中间普氏菌和小韦荣球菌的黏附。相互作用本身似乎并不需要蛋白水解活性，主要外鞘蛋白（Msp）的表达也不是必需的，除了与小韦荣球菌结合外。在唾液膜上，齿密螺旋体和牙龈卟啉单胞菌之间形成了密集堆积的细胞和基质高达 40 µm 的生物膜，T. denticola 细胞富集在上层。CTLP 的表达，而不是 Msp 的表达，对于与 P. gingivalis 的双物种生物膜形成至关重要。在各种条件下，T. denticola 都不能与其他三种牙周细菌中的任何一种形成双物种生物膜。T. denticola 和 P. gingivalis 之间的协同作用也表现为血液凝固抑制的增加，这依赖于 CTLP。研究结果表明 CTLP 在齿密螺旋体与其他口腔微生物相互作用中起着关键作用，导致微生物群落发展和宿主组织发病机制的协同作用。
