Molet Mikael, Miller Holly C, Laude Jennifer R, Kirk Chelsea, Manning Brandon, Zentall Thomas R
Université de Lille, Nord de France, Domaine universitaire du "Pont de Bois", rue du Barreau, BP 60149, 59653, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
Learn Behav. 2012 Dec;40(4):439-47. doi: 10.3758/s13420-012-0065-7.
Consistent with human gambling behavior but contrary to optimal foraging theory, pigeons show a strong preference for an alternative with low probability and high payoff (a gambling-like alternative) over an alternative with a greater net payoff (Zentall & Stagner, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278, 1203-1208, 2011). In the present research, we asked whether humans would show suboptimal choice on a task involving choices with probabilities similar to those for pigeons. In Experiment 1, when we selected participants on the basis of their self-reported gambling activities, we found a significantly greater choice of the alternative involving low probability and high payoff (gambling-like alternative) than for a group that reported an absence of gambling activity. In Experiment 2, we found that when the inhibiting abilities of typical humans were impaired by a self-regulatory depletion manipulation, they were more likely to choose the gambling-like alternative. Taken together, the results suggest that this task is suitable for the comparative study of suboptimal decision-making behavior and the mechanisms that underlie it.
与人类赌博行为一致但与最优觅食理论相反的是，鸽子表现出强烈偏好低概率高回报的选项（类似赌博的选项）而非净回报更高的选项（曾塔尔和斯塔格纳，《英国皇家学会学报B》，第278卷，第1203 - 1208页，2011年）。在本研究中，我们探讨人类在涉及与鸽子所面临概率相似的选择任务中是否会表现出次优选择。在实验1中，当我们根据参与者自我报告的赌博活动来挑选参与者时，我们发现选择低概率高回报选项（类似赌博的选项）的人数显著多于报告无赌博活动的组。在实验2中，我们发现当典型人类的抑制能力因自我调节损耗操作而受损时，他们更有可能选择类似赌博的选项。综合来看，结果表明该任务适用于对次优决策行为及其潜在机制的比较研究。
