Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2012 Mar-Apr;27(2):120-31. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e318239f4a4.
Rapid growth in the numbers of older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is raising awareness and concern of the impact that common geriatric syndromes such as frailty may have on clinical outcomes, health-related quality of life, and rising economic burden associated with healthcare. Increasingly, frailty is recognized to be a highly prevalent and important risk factor that is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. A limitation of previous studies in patients with CVD has been the lack of a consistent definition and measures to evaluate frailty. In this review, building upon the work of Fried and colleagues, a definition of frailty is provided that is applicable for evaluating frailty in older adults with CVD. Simple, well-established performance-based measures widely used in comprehensive geriatric assessment are recommended that can be readily implemented by nurses in most practice settings. The limited studies conducted in older adults with CVD have shown physical performance measures to be highly predictive of clinical outcomes. Implications for practice and areas for future research are described for the growing numbers of elderly cardiac patients who are frail frailty and at risk for disability.
心血管疾病（CVD）患者中老年人群数量的快速增长，使人们日益认识到衰弱等常见老年综合征可能对临床结局、与健康相关的生活质量以及与医疗保健相关的不断增加的经济负担产生影响。衰弱日益被认为是一种高度普遍且重要的风险因素，与不良心血管结局相关。先前在 CVD 患者中进行的研究存在一个局限性，即缺乏一致的定义和评估衰弱的措施。在这篇综述中，基于 Fried 及其同事的工作，提供了一个适用于评估 CVD 中老年患者衰弱的定义。建议使用在综合老年评估中广泛使用的简单、成熟的基于表现的测量方法，这些方法可以由大多数实践环境中的护士轻易实施。在 CVD 老年患者中进行的有限研究表明，身体表现测量对临床结局具有高度预测性。针对虚弱和残疾风险较高的日益增多的老年心脏患者，描述了对实践的影响和未来研究的领域。
