Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2012 Apr 7;41(7):2545-61. doi: 10.1039/c2cs15327k. Epub 2012 Feb 14.
Polymeric nanoparticles-based therapeutics show great promise in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, due to the flexibility in which their structures can be modified, with intricate definition over their compositions, structures and properties. Advances in polymerization chemistries and the application of reactive, efficient and orthogonal chemical modification reactions have enabled the engineering of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles with precise control over the architectures of the individual polymer components, to direct their assembly and subsequent transformations into nanoparticles of selective overall shapes, sizes, internal morphologies, external surface charges and functionalizations. In addition, incorporation of certain functionalities can modulate the responsiveness of these nanostructures to specific stimuli through the use of remote activation. Furthermore, they can be equipped with smart components to allow their delivery beyond certain biological barriers, such as skin, mucus, blood, extracellular matrix, cellular and subcellular organelles. This tutorial review highlights the importance of well-defined chemistries, with detailed ties to specific biological hurdles and opportunities, in the design of nanostructures for various biomedical delivery applications.
基于聚合物纳米粒子的治疗方法在治疗广泛的疾病方面显示出巨大的前景，因为其结构可以灵活地进行修饰，并且可以对其组成、结构和性质进行精细的定义。聚合化学的进步以及反应性、高效和正交化学修饰反应的应用，使得多功能聚合物纳米粒子的工程设计成为可能，可以精确控制单个聚合物成分的结构，从而指导它们的组装以及随后转化为具有选择性整体形状、尺寸、内部形态、外部表面电荷和功能化的纳米粒子。此外，通过远程激活，某些功能的掺入可以调节这些纳米结构对特定刺激的响应性。此外，还可以为它们配备智能组件，使其能够递送到某些生物屏障之外，如皮肤、粘液、血液、细胞外基质、细胞和亚细胞细胞器。本综述强调了在设计用于各种生物医学递药应用的纳米结构时，明确的化学性质的重要性，以及与特定生物学障碍和机遇的详细联系。
