Davis A T, Schrueder C
Royal Adeliade Hospital, SA.
Med J Aust. 1990 Nov 5;153(9):552-4.
The prediction of suicide remains a major challenge for health professionals. Sociodemographic predictors of the risk of suicide lack specificity: factors such as living alone, being unemployed, or having a physical or mental illness are common, separately or in combination, but suicide is rare. Psychiatric conditions, such as depression, alcohol dependence, schizophrenia and personality disorders, are strongly associated with suicide, but most psychiatrically ill patients do not suicide. Most suicidal patients consult a helping agency within a month of their act and, in practice, successful assessment of the risk of suicide and intervention to prevent it depend on gaining an understanding of the individual patient and developing a therapeutic relationship. More research into the biological, psychological and social factors that distinguish suicidal from non-suicidal individuals is needed. We review key studies that have addressed the issue of suicide prediction, outline the clinician's role in evaluating the risk of suicide in the individual, and suggest directions for future research.
对卫生专业人员来说，自杀预测仍然是一项重大挑战。自杀风险的社会人口统计学预测指标缺乏特异性：诸如独居、失业或患有身体或精神疾病等因素很常见，单独或综合出现时皆是如此，但自杀情况却很罕见。诸如抑郁症、酒精依赖、精神分裂症和人格障碍等精神疾病与自杀密切相关，但大多数精神病患者并不会自杀。大多数有自杀倾向的患者会在其自杀行为发生前一个月内咨询救助机构，实际上，成功评估自杀风险并进行预防干预取决于对个体患者的了解以及建立治疗关系。需要对区分有自杀倾向者和无自杀倾向者的生物学、心理学和社会因素进行更多研究。我们回顾了针对自杀预测问题的关键研究，概述了临床医生在评估个体自杀风险中的作用，并提出了未来研究的方向。
