Jahnke Sara A, Hoffman Kevin M, Haddock C Keith, Long Mark A D, Williams Larry N, Lando Harry A, Poston W S Carlos
National Development and Research Institutes, 1920 West 143rd Street, Suite 120, Leawood, KS 66224, USA.
Mil Med. 2011 Dec;176(12):1382-7. doi: 10.7205/milmed-d-11-00164.
The United States military has the legacy of a pro-tobacco culture and still has prevalence rates of tobacco use that are higher than their civilian counterparts. One tactic for decreasing use and the subsequent health problems is through effective tobacco control policies. We collected available tobacco control policies from all four branches of the military and, through qualitative analysis, identified policies that were unique either as providing more or less detail and restriction than peer group policies. Best and worst practice policies in the areas of enforcement, smoking cessation, smokeless tobacco use, environmental tobacco smoke, framing tobacco as non-normative, designated tobacco use areas, and monitoring of tobacco use are presented. Because policy making can be an effective tool for improving the health of military members, understanding what policy components are comparatively positive or negative is an important tool for health advocates both in the military and civilian settings.
美国军队有着支持烟草的文化传统，其烟草使用率仍然高于 civilian 群体。减少烟草使用及后续健康问题的一个策略是通过有效的烟草控制政策。我们收集了军队所有四个分支现有的烟草控制政策，并通过定性分析，确定了与同行群体政策相比，在提供更多或更少细节及限制方面独特的政策。本文介绍了在执法、戒烟、无烟烟草使用、环境烟草烟雾、将烟草视为非规范行为、指定烟草使用区域以及烟草使用监测等领域的最佳和最差实践政策。由于政策制定可以成为改善军人健康的有效工具，了解哪些政策组成部分相对积极或消极，对军队和 civilian 环境中的健康倡导者来说都是一个重要工具。 （注：原文中“civilian counterparts”未准确翻译，结合语境大致为“平民群体”“平民对应人群”等意思，但这里直接保留英文是为了严格按照要求不添加额外解释；另外，“civilian settings”同理，可理解为“平民环境”，这里也保留英文。若要准确翻译，可根据具体背景灵活处理。）
