Gardner Helen, Randall Duncan
University of Birmingham, UK.
Nurse Res. 2012;19(2):6-10. doi: 10.7748/nr2012.01.19.2.6.c8902.
This paper discusses two independently conducted studies and argues that adult healthcare workers and researchers need to consider the influence that parents can have on a negotiated conversation between a child and an interviewer.
Interviewing is a common qualitative research method used with children and in clinical practice, yet there has been little focus on how interviews with children are conducted.
Qualitative, semi-structured interviews from two separate studies involving children and young people aged six to 13 years interviewed at home with and without parents present.
This is a methodology paper.
The influences of parents on children's expressed views are complex. There is a need to attend to the power relationship between researchers, parents and children. Researchers need to be aware that the presence of parents may stop or help children's views being heard. For some children, the opportunity to express their views without their parents present leads to richer data being given. However, where parents act as proxies for researchers, the parents' understanding of their own children can lead to the collection of rich data. Researchers could explore in future studies the effects of how children and parents are prepared for interviews. Implications for practice/research Parents may help or limit children's contributions. Researchers need to be reflexive and report the effects of adult influences on interviews so that consumers of their research can arrive at informed judgements. In clinical practice, interviewing children separately from their parents whenever possible could provide clinicians with an additional perspective to inform a child-centred approach.
本文讨论了两项独立开展的研究，并认为成年医护人员和研究人员需要考虑父母对儿童与访谈者之间协商对话可能产生的影响。
访谈是一种常用于儿童及临床实践的定性研究方法，但对于如何与儿童进行访谈却鲜有关注。
来自两项独立研究的定性、半结构化访谈，研究对象为6至13岁的儿童和青少年，访谈分别在有父母在场和无父母在场的情况下于家中进行。
这是一篇方法学论文。
父母对儿童表达观点的影响很复杂。有必要关注研究人员、父母和儿童之间的权力关系。研究人员需要意识到父母在场可能会阻碍或有助于儿童观点的表达。对一些儿童来说，在父母不在场的情况下表达观点能得到更丰富的数据。然而，当父母充当研究人员的代理人时，父母对自己孩子的了解可能会带来丰富的数据收集。研究人员未来可以在研究中探讨儿童和父母为访谈做准备的方式所产生的影响。对实践/研究的启示：父母可能会帮助或限制儿童的参与。研究人员需要进行反思，并报告成年人对访谈的影响，以便其研究的受众能够做出明智的判断。在临床实践中，尽可能将儿童与父母分开访谈，可为临床医生提供额外的视角，以形成以儿童为中心的方法。
