Centre for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2022 Aug 16;20(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s12955-022-02034-5.
In recent years, more importance is being given to the assessment of quality of life (QoL) among diabetic patients as a measure of their health and the goal of all health interventions. Other studies have reported a high prevalence of diabetes-related effects on; however, there is a knowledge gap in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa, as is the case for Rwanda, where the prevalence of diabetes is expected to rise over the next decade. The aim of this study is to report on the translation and cultural adaptation of the Diabetes-39 (D-39) questionnaire into the Kinyarwanda and its psychometric properties among diabetic patients in Rwanda.
The D-39 questionnaire-a five-scale, disease-specific QoL questionnaire-was translated from English to Kinyarwanda, then back-translated to English. A consensus meeting discussed discrepancies and agreed on changes. Interviews were conducted with 26 participants before producing a final version. For the psychometric evaluation, the adapted version was administered to 309 patients with diabetes mellitus. Participants either came from a separate cluster-randomised controlled trial or were recruited ad hoc for this study. The evaluation included testing internal consistency, known group validity, and construct validity.
Participants' mean age was 51 ± 12.7 years with a predominance of women (64%) in the sample. All five scales of the questionnaire showed a good internal consistency, with composite reliability of above 0.7. The five-factor model of the questionnaire was fitted to the 39 items. Although the fit was not exact, there was a satisfactory approximate fit (CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.05). There was a good discriminant validity except for the "social burden" and "anxiety and worry" scales (inter-factor correlation = 0.80).
Diabetes-39 is a questionnaire developed in English that was adapted and translated into Kinyarwanda. The Kinyarwanda version of D-39 is a reliable and valid instrument to measure QoL among diabetic patients in Rwanda. The questionnaire can be helpful in research and clinical practice improving health outcomes for patients with diabetes in Rwanda and other Kinyarwanda-competent areas in the sub-region. However, certain cross-cultural differences should be considered.
近年来，人们越来越重视评估糖尿病患者的生活质量（QoL），将其作为衡量健康的标准和所有健康干预的目标。其他研究报告称，糖尿病对患者有很多影响；然而，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，人们对糖尿病的了解存在空白，卢旺达就是这种情况，预计未来十年该国的糖尿病患病率将会上升。本研究旨在报告将糖尿病-39（D-39）问卷翻译成基尼亚卢旺达语并对卢旺达的糖尿病患者进行心理测量学评估的过程。
D-39 问卷是一个五分量表、特定于疾病的 QoL 问卷，从英语翻译成基尼亚卢旺达语，然后再从基尼亚卢旺达语翻译回英语。通过共识会议讨论差异并就修改达成一致。在生成最终版本之前，对 26 名参与者进行了访谈。对于心理测量学评估，对 309 名糖尿病患者使用改编后的问卷。参与者要么来自单独的聚类随机对照试验，要么是为这项研究专门招募的。评估包括测试内部一致性、已知组有效性和结构有效性。
参与者的平均年龄为 51 ± 12.7 岁，样本中女性占多数（64%）。问卷的五个量表均表现出良好的内部一致性，综合可信度超过 0.7。问卷的五因素模型适用于 39 个项目。虽然拟合并不完全准确，但拟合度令人满意（CFI=0.93，TLI=0.92，RMSEA=0.05）。除“社会负担”和“焦虑和担忧”两个量表外，其余量表的判别有效性均较好（因子间相关性=0.80）。
D-39 是一个用英语开发的问卷，已被改编和翻译成基尼亚卢旺达语。基尼亚卢旺达语版的 D-39 是一种可靠且有效的工具，可用于评估卢旺达糖尿病患者的生活质量。该问卷可用于研究和临床实践，改善卢旺达和该次区域其他基尼亚卢旺达语地区糖尿病患者的健康结果。然而，应该考虑某些跨文化差异。
