Rocha Daniel Santos, Dibai-Filho Almir Vieira, Mendes Júnior Abraão Albino, Pinto Nataly Borges da Costa, Neves Kaiser Salgado, Amorim Carlos Eduardo Neves, Leal Plínio da Cunha, Brito-Monzani Janaina de Oliveira, Bassi-Dibai Daniela
Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís (MA), Brazil.
Sao Paulo Med J. 2025 Mar 14;143(2):e2024109. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2024.0109.R1.03072024. eCollection 2025.
The Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (PAID) is used to measure emotional distress levels related to diabetes mellitus (DM). However, consensus on its internal structure is lacking.
To compare the different internal structures of the PAID and propose a shortened version for Brazilian patients with diabetes.
Structural and criterion validity study.
We included Brazilian patients with type 1 DM (DM1) and type 2 DM (DM2) in this study. In accordance with the international consensus recommendations, we assessed the structural validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and used the following indices to evaluate model fit: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), chi-square/degrees of freedom (DF), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and sample-size adjusted Bayesian information criterion (SABIC). Modification indices and factor loadings were used to reduce the number of items.
One hundred eighty-five patients, most of whom included women with DM2, participated in the study. The reduction in the PAID generated a unidimensional structure with 13 items (PAID-13). The PAID-13 presented the best-fit indices (chi-square/DF = 2.15, CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.986, RMSEA = 0.079, and SRMR = 0.049). When the PAID versions with 13 and 20 items (original version) were correlated, a strong correlation was observed (rho = 0.941, P < 0.001).
The short version of the PAID scale with 13 items presented a more appropriate internal structure for Brazilian patients with diabetes.
糖尿病问题领域量表（PAID）用于测量与糖尿病（DM）相关的情绪困扰程度。然而，其内部结构尚未达成共识。
比较PAID的不同内部结构，并为巴西糖尿病患者提出一个简化版本。
结构和标准效度研究。
本研究纳入了巴西1型糖尿病（DM1）和2型糖尿病（DM2）患者。根据国际共识建议，我们使用验证性因子分析（CFA）评估结构效度，并使用以下指标评估模型拟合度：近似均方根误差（RMSEA）、比较拟合指数（CFI）、塔克-刘易斯指数（TLI）、标准化均方根残差（SRMR）、卡方/自由度（DF）、赤池信息准则（AIC）和样本量调整贝叶斯信息准则（SABIC）。使用修正指标和因子载荷来减少项目数量。
185名患者参与了研究，其中大多数是患有DM2的女性。PAID量表简化后形成了一个包含13个项目的单维结构（PAID-13）。PAID-13呈现出最佳拟合指标（卡方/自由度=2.15，CFI=0.989，TLI=0.986，RMSEA=0.079，SRMR=0.049）。当将13项版本和20项版本（原始版本）的PAID量表进行相关性分析时，观察到强相关性（rho=0.941，P<0.001）。
13项的PAID量表简化版为巴西糖尿病患者呈现了更合适的内部结构。
