当下多取：冲动选择的最优性取决于环境结构。
Taking More, Now: The Optimality of Impulsive Choice Hinges on Environment Structure.
作者信息
Otto A Ross, Markman Arthur B, Love Bradley C
机构信息
Department of Psychology University of Texas at Austin.
出版信息
Soc Psychol Personal Sci. 2012 Mar 1;3(2):131-138. doi: 10.1177/1948550611411311.
Impulsivity is a stable personality trait associated with myopic choice behavior that favors immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards and is often characterized as maladaptive inside and outside of the laboratory. An alternative view suggests that the consequences of trait impulsivity depend on the nature of the task environment. On this view, the optimal level of impulsivity varies across task payoff structures. This hypothesis is tested in two dynamic decision-making tasks that differ in the relative payoffs of delayed and immediate rewards. In a task that favors delayed rewards to immediate rewards, high-impulsive participants perform worse than low-impulsive participants. In contrast, in a task that favors immediate rewards over delayed rewards, high-impulsive participants outperform low-impulsive participants. These results suggest a more nuanced conceptualization of trait impulsivity as it applies to rewards-related decision-making that may help explain the variability observed in this trait across individuals.
冲动性是一种稳定的人格特质，与近视选择行为相关，这种行为更倾向于即时奖励而非更大的延迟奖励，并且在实验室内外通常被认为是适应不良的。另一种观点认为，特质冲动性的后果取决于任务环境的性质。根据这一观点，冲动性的最佳水平会因任务回报结构的不同而有所变化。这一假设在两项动态决策任务中得到了检验，这两项任务在延迟奖励和即时奖励的相对回报方面有所不同。在一项有利于延迟奖励而非即时奖励的任务中，高冲动性参与者的表现比低冲动性参与者更差。相比之下，在一项有利于即时奖励而非延迟奖励的任务中，高冲动性参与者的表现优于低冲动性参与者。这些结果表明，特质冲动性在应用于与奖励相关的决策时，有更细致入微的概念化，这可能有助于解释在个体间观察到的该特质的变异性。
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