微小 RNA 在癌症中的作用：抗肿瘤化疗的新希望。
MicroRNA in cancer: new hopes for antineoplastic chemotherapy.
机构信息
Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Human Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
出版信息
Ups J Med Sci. 2012 May;117(2):202-16. doi: 10.3109/03009734.2012.660551. Epub 2012 Feb 21.
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs that are evolutionarily conserved and widely distributed among species. Their major function is to negatively regulate mRNA target genes, and miRNA expression has been found to be deregulated in all human cancers, where miRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis, functioning either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes. This review provides a current overview of the connection between miRNAs and cancer by covering the recent advances in miRNA involvement in human cancer including initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. We will also highlight the literature where application of miRNAs has created the foundation for the development of potential future miRNA therapy.
摘要
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类内源性非编码小 RNA，在物种间广泛存在且进化上保守。其主要功能是负调控 mRNA 靶基因，研究发现 miRNA 在所有人类癌症中均失调表达，miRNA 在肿瘤发生中发挥关键作用，作为抑癌基因或癌基因。本综述通过涵盖 miRNA 参与人类癌症（包括起始、生长、侵袭和转移）的最新进展，提供了 miRNA 与癌症之间联系的最新概述。我们还将突出显示 miRNA 的应用为潜在未来 miRNA 治疗的发展奠定基础的文献。
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Loss of the miR-21 allele elevates the expression of its target genes and reduces tumorigenesis.miR-21 基因座缺失会提高其靶基因的表达水平，从而降低肿瘤发生的可能性。
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Tumor-specific expression of microRNA-26a suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma growth via cyclin-dependent and -independent pathways.miRNA-26a 的肿瘤特异性表达通过细胞周期依赖性和非依赖性途径抑制人肝癌的生长。
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