Sanders Stephanie A, Yarber William L, Kaufman Erin L, Crosby Richard A, Graham Cynthia A, Milhausen Robin R
The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, IN, USA.
Sex Health. 2012 Mar;9(1):81-95. doi: 10.1071/SH11095.
Significantly more research attention has been devoted to the consistency of condom use, with far fewer studies investigating condom use errors and problems. The purpose of this review was to present the frequency of various condom use errors and problems reported worldwide.
A systematic literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles, published in English-language journals between 1995 and 2011.
Fifty articles representing 14 countries met criteria for inclusion. The most common errors included not using condoms throughout sex, not leaving space at the tip, not squeezing air from the tip, putting the condom on upside down, not using water-based lubricants and incorrect withdrawal. Frequent problems included breakage, slippage, leakage, condom-associated erection problems, and difficulties with fit and feel. Prevalence estimates showed great variation across studies. Prevalence varied as a function of the population studied and the period assessed.
Condom use errors and problems are common worldwide, occurring across a wide spectrum of populations. Although breakage and slippage were most commonly investigated, the prevalence of other condom use errors and problems found in this review were substantially higher. As a framework for understanding the role of condom errors and problems in inadequate protection, we put forward a new model: the Condom Use Experience model. This model can be used to generate testable hypotheses for future research. Addressing condom use errors and problems in research and interventions is crucial to closing the gap between the perfect use and typical use of condoms.
对避孕套使用的一致性投入了更多的研究关注，而对避孕套使用错误和问题的研究则少得多。本综述的目的是介绍全球范围内报告的各种避孕套使用错误和问题的频率。
对1995年至2011年期间发表在英文期刊上的同行评审文章进行系统的文献检索。
代表14个国家的50篇文章符合纳入标准。最常见的错误包括在整个性行为过程中未使用避孕套、顶端未留空间、未挤出顶端空气、避孕套戴反、未使用水性润滑剂以及抽出不当。常见问题包括破裂、滑落、渗漏、与避孕套相关的勃起问题以及尺寸和触感方面的困难。患病率估计在各项研究中差异很大。患病率因所研究的人群和评估的时间段而异。
避孕套使用错误和问题在全球范围内很常见，在广泛的人群中都有发生。尽管破裂和滑落是最常被研究的，但本综述中发现的其他避孕套使用错误和问题的患病率要高得多。作为理解避孕套错误和问题在防护不足中作用的一个框架，我们提出了一个新模型：避孕套使用体验模型。该模型可用于为未来研究生成可检验的假设。在研究和干预措施中解决避孕套使用错误和问题对于缩小避孕套完美使用和典型使用之间的差距至关重要。
